THE DSM—DEDINI SUSTAINABLE MILL: A NEW CONCEPT IN DESIGNING COMPLETE SUGARCANE MILLS

By J.L. OLIVÉRIO, V.B. CARMO and M.A. GURGEL
Dedini S. A. – Indústrias de Base
jose.oliverio@dedini.com.br

Abstract

FORalmost 500 years, sugarcane has been considered almost only as a raw material for sugar
production.  In the past decades, in Brazil, it has alsobeen used for ethanol production. So, the
complete sugarcane mill’s design evolved significantly in that direction, utilising sugarcane
juice as a feedstock for sugar and ethanol processes. Recently, for environmental, economical, social, in other words, for sustainability reasons, the world started to search for new and cleaner energy sources.
As a consequence, world interest in ethanol grew spectacularly, due to its environmental qualities and because it is produced from renewable biomass. That scenario changed the prospect for sugarcane: it allowed sugarcane to reach a new and higher dimension, and to generate a cycle of new businesses, derived from traditional and new products. This paper has the objective to show how that evolution is modifying and will continue to influence the complete sugarcane mill design, considering technological
development and sustainability evolution. The paper describes an integrated sugarcane mill with the most advanced disruptive (breakthrough) innovations, considering the technological hierarchy of first, secondand third generations, in bioelectricity, bioethanol, and integrated biodiesel production.
Also, sustainability is incorporated intothe concept of the mill resulting in an upgraded solution to an optimal design. In summary, the paper has the objective toshow the upcoming sugarcane mill, the
DSM – Dedini Sustainable Mill, designed for maximum efficiency and sustainability,
producing six bioproducts, in an approach named ‘the 6 BIOS revolution’.

KEYWORDS: Ethanol, Sugarcane, Sustainable, Bioelectricity, Biomass.

Plenary Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010 
International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists Proceedings (Abstracts) 
XXVIIth Congress 
March 7–March 11, 2010, Veracruz, Mexico 

ISBN: 978-0-949678-37-9  

http://www.issct.org
__________________________________________________________________________

PERFORMANCE TEST OF A PROTOTYPE OF PILOT PLANT SCALE ROTARY BAGASSE DRYER USING BOILER FLUE GAS IN SUGAR FACTORY

by MUHAMMADSAECHU

Pusat Penelitian Perkebunan Gula Indonesia, Pasuruan

ABSTRACT

Efficient energy requirement at a sugar factory (SF) can be fulfilled by burning bagasse at the
last mill. Factors affecting energy requirement at a sugar factory are sugar cane quality and capacity,
installation balance, and also equipments and machinery efficiency. In Indonesia, many sugar factories
lack of bagasse and they have to use other alternative fuels. This condition, therefore, affects the
cost of sugar production. The problem can be solved by improving calorific value of bagasse before
it enters boiler. It can be done by applying bagasse drying technology in which bagasse is dried by
utilizing gas energy from boiler flue gas that has high temperature between 220 - 300oC. This
experiment was conducted to study design characteristic and operational system of bagasse dryer
using a prototype of Rotary Bagasse Dryer (RBD). The RBD unit was placed close to the SF boiler.
The result of the test without bagasse load showed that the loss of heat on the RBD decreased as the
gas flow rate increased. The loss of energy on the RBD reached 7.14 % based on incoming energy at
full forced draft fan (FDF) operation. The test conducted at bagasse flow rate 1,410 kg/hr or 94 %
RBD load with incoming bagasse moisture content 51.60 %t, flue gas temperature 199oC resulted
in dried bagasse with moisture content 42.10 %. Efficiency of gas energy utilization reached 47.6 %
with losses of energy due to radiation and convection decreasing to 4,8 %. The decrease of bagasse
moisture content as much as 9.5 poin, could increase bagasse calorific value by 5.06 %. Theoretically
it will improve steam production by 10 % in the boiler.

Key words :Sugar factory (SF), energy crisis, bagasse calorific value, boiler flue gas, bagasse drying.

ABSTRAK

Kebutuhan energi di pabrik gula (PG) yang efisien dapat dipenuhi dari sebagian ampas gilingan
akhir. Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kebutuhan energi adalah kecepatan dan kualitas tebu giling, kesetimbangan instalasi, efisiensi peralatan dan mesin yang digunakan. Di industri gula Indonesia masih banyak PG kekurangan ampas dan menggunakan bahan bakar alternatif hingga mempengaruhi biaya produksi. Hal tersebut dapat diatasi antara lain dengan cara meningkatkan nilai bakar ampas sebelum masuk ketel, melalui penerapan teknologi pengering ampas yang memanfaatkan energi gas cerobong ketel yang masih bersuhu tinggi antara 220 s.d. 300oC. Untuk mempelajari karakteristik desain dan operasional pengering ampas dilakukan rekayasa dan rancang bangun prototipe rotary bagasse dryer(RBD) pada skala pilot plantyang ditempatkan di sebelah ketel di PG. Dari uji tanpa beban diperoleh kehilangan panas pada RBD menurun pada laju gas yang meningkat. Kehilangan energi pada RBD mencapai 7,14 % dari energi yang masuk ketika blowerFDF (forced draft fan) bekerja pada beban penuh. Hasil uji pada laju ampas mencapai 1.410 kg/j atau beban RBD 94 %, kadar air ampas dari gilingan 51,60 % dan suhu gas cerobong 199 oC dihasilkan ampas kering dengan kadar air 42,10 %. Efisiensi pemanfaatan energi gas dalam RBD mencapai 47,6 % dari energi yang masuk dengan kehilangan energi karena radiasi dan konveksi menurun mencapai 4,8 % dari energi yang masuk. Dengan kadar air ampas turun 9,5 poin nilai bakar per kg ampas meningkat 5,06 %, yang secara teoritis untuk bahan bakar ketel dapat meningkatkan produksi uap hingga 10 %.

Kata kunci : Pabrik gula (PG), krisis energi, nilai bakar ampas, gas cerobong ketel, pengering

ampas

INDONESIAN SUGAR RESEARCH JOURNAL Vol. 44, No. 3, September 2008
Terakreditasi B, SK LIPI No. 536/D/2007 tgl. 26 Juni 2007
Alamat Redaksi/Penerbit :
Pusat Penelitian Perkebunan Gula Indonesia
Jl. Pahlawan 25, Pasuruan 67126
Telp. 0343-421086, Fax: 0343-421178

E-mail : mpg.p3gi@gmail.com; Website: http://www.p3gi.net

EFFECT OF TWO COMMERCIAL BIOCIDES WITH DITHIOCARBAMATE AND GLUTARALDEHYDE AS ACTIVE INGREDIENTS ON GROWTH INHIBITION OF BACTERIA, YEAST AND FUNGI ISOLATED FROM CANE JUICE

by  THERESIA H.S. WAHYUNINGTYAS, ARIKRISTINI DAN TRIANTARTI

Pusat penelitian Perkebunan Gula Indonesia, Pasuruan/Indonesian Sugar Research Institute

ABSTRAK

Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan kehilangan sukrosa dalam proses pembuatan gula adalah
akibat aktifitas mikroorganisme di dalam nira tebu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh
sinergis dua macam biosida komersial berbasis ditiokarbamat dan glutaraldehid terhadap
penghambatan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme dari nira tebu giling yang diisolasi dari 3 (tiga) Pabrik
Gula (PG) dan satu isolat bakteri murni pembentuk dekstran yaitu Leuconostoc mesenteroidesB-512. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menguji beberapa variasi perbandingan ditiokarbamat dan
glutaraldehid, serta pengaruh konsentrasi dari setiap kombinasi yang dibuat. Efek biosida terhadap
penghambatan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme diuji berdasarkan pengukuran diameter zona
penghambatan yang terbentuk pada media agar setelah diinokulasi dengan mikroorganisme. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteri dan yeastdari ketiga PG serta L mesenteroidesB-512 dapat
dihambat pertumbuhannya dengan biosida berbasis ditiokarbamat dan glutaraldehide serta campuran
keduanya. Terdapat korelasi positif antara konsentrasi biosida dengan diameter zonapenghambatan.
Pengaruh sinergis kedua biosida terhadap penghambatan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme hanya terjadi
untuk bakteri nira tebu giling dari tiga PG dan L. mesenteroides B-512. Pada yeastdan kapang
pengaruh tersebut tidak terlihat. Pengaruh sinergis tersebut terdapat pada larutan biosida dengan
komposisi 80% ditiokarbamat dan 20% glutaraldehide dengan konsentrasi 1 – 100 %. Biosida yang
paling efektif menghambat pertumbuhan yeastadalah ditiokarbamat saja pada konsentrasi 1 – 10%,
tanpa dikombinasikan dengan glutaraldehide. Pada inkubasi 48 jam kapang bisa dihambat
pertumbuhannya oleh semua komposisi biosida pada konsentrasi minimal 6 %. Biosida dengan
proporsi ditiokarbamat semakin besar akan semakin menghambat pertumbuhan kapang.

Kata kunci : biosida, ditiokarbamat, glutaraldehid, bakteri, yeast, kapang, nira tebu, Leuconostoc
mesenteroidesB-512

ABSTRACT

One of several factors which cause sucrose loss in sugar processing is microorganism’s activities
in cane juice. This research was conducted to determine the synergy of two commercial biocides with
dithiocarbamate and glutaraldehyde as active ingredients in affecting the growth of the
microorganisms isolated from cane juice in three sugar factories and pure culture of Leuconostoc
mesenteroides B-512. Various combinations of dithiocarbamate and glutaraldehyde and the effect of
various biocide concentration of each combination were tested in this experiment. The test method
for biocide effectivity was based on inhibition zone diameter that appears in the isolates cultured in
artificial media. The results showed that bacteria and yeast from the three sugar factories and L.
mesenteroides B-512 were inhibited not only by dithiocarbamate and glutaraldehyde in single
application but also by mix of those two biocides. There was a positive correlation between
concentration and inhibition zone diameters. The synergy effect of dithiocarbamate and glutaraldehyde
was found only on bacteria which isolated from sugar factories and L mesenteroides B-512, but not
on yeast and fungi. The synergy effect on growth inhibition of those bacteria was shown by a
combination of 80% dithiocarbamate and 20% glutaraldehyde at concentrations 1 – 100 %. The
biocides that could inhibit the yeasts growth was biocide that consist of only dithiocarbamate without
glutaraldehyde at concentration level 1-10%. Interestingly, at 48 hours of incubation period, the
growth of fungi could be inhibited by all treatments at concentration level at least 6 %. High
concentration of dithiocarbamate biocide resulted in high inhibition of the fungus growth.

Key words:biocides, dithiocarbamate , glutaraldehyde, bacteria, yeasts, fungi, cane juice, L.
mesenteroides B-512

INDONESIAN SUGAR RESEARCH JOURNAL Vol. 44, No. 3, September 2008
Terakreditasi B, SK LIPI No. 536/D/2007 tgl. 26 Juni 2007
Pusat Penelitian Perkebunan Gula Indonesia
Jl. Pahlawan 25, Pasuruan 67126
Telp. 0343-421086, Fax: 0343-421178
E-mail : mpg.p3gi@gmail.com; Website: http://www.p3gi.net

THE USE OF GREEN FLUORESCENCE PROTEIN GENE FOR DETECTING THE OCCURENCE OF ENDOPHYTE DIAZOTROPHIC BACTERIA IN SUGARCANE TISSUE

by WIWIK E. WIDAYATI

Pusat Penelitian Perkebunan Gula Indonesia, Pasuruan/Indonesian Sugar Research Institute
alamat korespondensi : P3GI Telp. 0343-421086, Fax. 0343 421178, w_e_widayati@yahoo.com

ABSTRAK

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeteksi keberadaan isolat bakteri diazotrof endofit
dalam jaringan tebu dengan menggunakan penanda gen gfp. Sebanyak 4 isolat bakteri
diazotrof endofit yang telah diperoleh dari penelitian sebelumnya yaitu isolat Klebsiellasp
10.2.3, Bacillussp. NB12, Pseudomonassp 10 K1 dan Acinetobactersp 10 K2 digunakan
dalam penelitian ini. Deteksi keberadaan keempat isolat tersebut, dilakukan dengan
menggunakan penanda gen green fluorescence protein (gfp), kemudian dinokulasikan pada
tebu varietas PS 851 yang ditanam di rumah kaca sampai umur 35 hari. Keberadaan bakteri
diazotrof endofit dalam jaringan tebu ditunjukkan dengan visualisasi koloni bakteri yang
berada dalam akar dan daun tebu menggunakan mikroskop fluorescencedan jumlah bakteri
pada bagian akar, batang dan daun tebu. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa
penandaan gen gfppada bakteri diazotrof endofit telah berhasil dilakukan baik pada bakteri
gram positif maupun bakteri gram negatif. Penyisipan gen gfptersebut tidak merubah
kemampuan endofitik bakteri diazotrof yang diuji serta bersifat tetap walau disimpan secara
in vitrodalam tenggang waktu cukup lama. Visualisasi koloni bakteri diazotrof endofit dalam
akar dan sap daun menggunakan mikroskop fluorescen tampak berbentuk mikrokoloni.
Hasil reisolasi bakteri diazotrof endofit pada tebu berumur 15 hari menunjukkan bahwa
bakteri diazotrof endofit tersebut terdistribusi pada seluruh bagian tanaman tebu yaitu
dijumpai mulai di daerah perakaran tebu, batang dan di daun tebu. Acinetobactersp 10 K2
dan Pseudomonassp 10 K1 memiliki tingkat kesesuaian yang lebih tinggi dengan tanaman
tebu dari pada isolat Klebsiellasp 10.2.3 dan Bacillussp. NB12 karena pada umur tebu 35
hari masih dijumpai pada bagian akar, batang dan daun tebu.

Key words : endofit, bakteri diazotrofic, gen gfpdan tebu

ABSTRACT

The aim of this research was to detect the occurrence of endophyte diazotrophic bacteria
in sugarcane tissue by using green fluorescence protein gene marker. Klebsiella sp 10.2.3,
Bacillus sp. NB12, Pseudomonas sp 10 K1 and Acinetobacter sp 10 K2 as endophyte
diazotrophic bacteria isolated from sugarcane were used in this research. The fourth isolates
of endophyte diazotrophic bacteria were marked with green fluorescence protein (gfp) gene
and inoculated to sugarcane bud chip of PS 851. The bud chip was kept grow until 35 days
old at a glass house. The occurrence of endophyte diazotrophic bacteria in sugarcane tissue
was showed by visualization of endophyte diazotrophic bacteria colony in sugarcane root
tissue, leaf sap and the amount of endophyte diazotrophic bacteria in sugarcane tissue
(leaf, stalks and sugarcane root at 15 and 35 days old). The results showed that gfp gene
has been inserted successfully into the four bacterial chromosomes either gram positive or
gram negative. Endophytic properties of the bacteria did not change by the insertion of gfp
gene and these bacteria were stable during in vitro storage for a long period. Visualization of
the fourth isolates in sugarcane root tissue and leaf sap of sugarcane at 15 days old showed
that the fourth isolates presence as a micro colony. Acinetobacter sp 10 K2 and Pseudomonas
sp 10 K1 were found distributed on leaf stalks and root of sugarcane at 35 days old. It
seems that Acinetobacter sp 10 K2 and Pseudomonas sp 10 K1 have higher compatibility
to sugarcane than Klebsiella sp 10.2.3 and Bacillus sp. NB12 isolates

Key words : endophyte, diazotrophic bacteria, gfp gene,and sugarcane

INDONESIAN SUGAR RESEARCH JOURNAL  Vol. 44, No. 3, September 2008
Terakreditasi B, SK LIPI No. 536/D/2007 tgl. 26 Juni 2007

ACCELERATION OF PREPARING HEALTHY SUGAR CANE SEEDLINGS THROUGH MICRO CUTTING MULTIPLICATION

SRIWINARSIH DAN EKA SUGIYARTA

Pusat Penelitian Perkebunan Gula Indonesia, Jl Pahlawan 25 Pasuruan

ABSTRAK

Penyediaan bibit varietas tebu unggul baru secara cepat mempunyai peranan yang
penting dalam menghambat terjadinya proses degenerasi klonal. Perbanyakan bibit melalui
bagal mikro mempunyai keunggulan antara lain lebih cepat dan efisien dalam pengiriman
bibit. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat multiplikasi bagal mikro telah
dilaksanakan di hardening kebun percobaan Pusat Penelitian Perkebunan Gula Indonesia,
Pasuruan. Penelitian disusun menurut rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan
kombinasi varietas dan prosedur kultur jaringan. Dua macam varietas yang digunakan adalah
PS 851 dan PS 951 dan terdapat 2 prosedur kultur jaringan yaitu kultur pucuk dan kultur
kalus. Setiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 2 bagan percobaan masingmasing menggunakan polibag kecil (17,5 x 8 cm) dan polibag besar (18 x 23 cm).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah batang per rumpun semakin menurun
seiring dengan semakin bertambahnya umur tanaman. Jumlah mata tunas viable per rumpun
asal kultur pucuk lebih baik pada perlakuan polibag kecil. Sementara itu pada polibag besar
tidak nyata, tergantung varietasnya. Tingkat multiplikasi bagal mikro dari bibit polibag besar
lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan polibag kecil. Pada umur 4 bulan tingkat multiplikasi varietas
PS 851 pada polibag kecil berkisar antara 28–37 kali dan PS 951 adalah 19 kali. Tingkat
multiplikasi varietas PS 851 pada polibag besar berkisar antara 38–43 kali dan untuk PS
951 berkisar antara 21–27 kali. Pada umur 6 bulan tingkat multiplikasi bagal mikro dari bibit
polibag kecil adalah 26–41 kali dan 16–33 kali masing-masing untuk varietas PS 851 dan
PS 951. Sementara itu tingkat multiplikasi bagal mikro dari bibit polibag besar adalah 39–
42 dan 28–33 kali berturut-turut untuk PS 851 dan PS 951. Tingkat multiplikasi PS 851 lebih
tinggi dibandingkan dengan PS 951.

Kata kunci: tebu, bagal mikro, multiplikasi, kultur jaringan

ABSTRACT
Rapid preparation of new superior sugar cane variety has an important role in inhibiting
the occurrence of clone degeneration process. Seedling multiplication through micro cutting
has several advantages including its delivery that is rapid and more efficient. This research
was aimed to study the micro cutting multiplication which has been conducted in the hardening
of Pasuruan experiment station of Indonesian Sugar Research Institute. The research was
arranged as randomized block design with 4 combination treatments of varieties and tissue
culture procedures. There were 2 varieties used as a treatment i.e. PS 851 and PS 951 as
well as 2 tissue culture methods namely callus culture and shoot tip culture. Every treatment
was replicated 3 times. Experiment was conducted using small polybags (17,5 x 8 cm) and
large polybags (18 x 23 cm).
The results showed that the number of stalks per stool decreased by increasing the
plant age. The number of viable shoots per stool of shoot culture was better when the
plantlets were planted in small polybags compared to large polybags. Meanwhile the plants
planted in large polybags did not show significant result depending on the varieties.
Multiplication level of seedlings in large polybags was higher than that of small polybags. At
the age of 4 months, multiplication level of PS 851 and PS 951 in small polybags was
between 28-37 times and 19 times, respectively. Mean while multiplication level of PS 851
in large polybags was between 38-43 times and for PS 951 was in the range of 21-27 times.
At the age of 6 months, multiplication level of seedlings in small polybags was 26-41 times
and 16-33 times for PS 851 and PS 951, respectively, while in large polybags, it was 39-42
and 28-33 times for PS 851 and PS 951, respectively. The fact showed that multiplication
level of PS 851 was higher compared to PS 951.

Key words: cane, micro cuttings, multiplication, tissue culture

MPG/NDONESIAN SUGAR RESEARCH JOURNAL Vol. 44 No. 3 September 2008: 155-165
Pusat Penelitian Perkebunan Gula Indonesia/Indonesian Sugar Research Institute
Jl. Pahlawan 25, Pasuruan 67126
Telp. 0343-421086, Fax: 0343-421178
E-mail : mpg.p3gi@gmail.com; Website: http://www.p3gi.net