Wednesday, January 25, 2017

PRODUCTIVE DIVERSIFICATION FROM SUGARCANE LIGNOCELLULOSIC BYPRODUCTS

By N. AGUILAR R., A. CASTILLO M., A. HERRERA S.,
D. A. RODRÍGUEZ L. and J.MURGUIA G.

Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Córdoba Veracruz México Tel.: (52) 271 71 6 73 92  naguilar@uv.mx

KEYWORDS: Sugarcane Biomass, Diversification, Mushroom, Pulp And Paper, Fermentable Sugar.

Abstract

THE ACTUAL PROCESS of sugar and ethanol production in Mexico only uses the carbohydrates in the sugarcane juice and molasses. The remaining material, trash, bagasse and pith, constitutes the lignicellulosic byproducts (biomass) of this industry. In this work, three production alternatives were investigated: edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, pulp and paper and fermentable sugar productions from sugarcane biomass. The characterisation of byproducts was carried out according to AOAC test. For the case of mushroom production, sugarcane trash and a 50:50 mixture of trash and bagasse showed the highest yields (biological efficiencies) of 106% and 103% respectively. For acid hydrolysis, trash samples generated in the local industry were used. Several tests were performed to obtain the maximum production of fermentable sugars using diluted H2SO4at concentration level of 1.0%, temperatures (80–160°C) and hydrolysis times (0 to 330 minutes). A pseudo first-order kinetic model was developed to explain the hydrolysis from sugarcane
trash using sulfuric acid. In the last alternative, bagasse pulping and ECF Bleaching (elementary chlorine free) were analysed in detail using TAPPI standards to establish the optimum pulping conditions for this lignocellulosic material.

Source
http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Aguilar%20R,%20PRODUCTIVE%20DIVERSIFICATION%20FROM%20SUGARCANE%20LIGNOCELLULOSIC%20BYPRODUCTS.pdf

BUTANOL PRODUCTION FROM SUGARCANE JUICES

By M. KIM and D.F. DAY

Audubon Sugar Institute, LSU Agricultural Center, La. USA
dday@agcenter.lsu.edu

KEYWORDS: Butanol, Fermentation, Sugar Juices, Biomass.

Abstract

BUTANOLis an aliphatic saturated alcoholwith the molecular formula of C4H9OH, which can be used as a transportation fuel, an intermediate and a solvent for a wide variety of chemical applications. The acetone-butanol fermentation was the standard for industrial production of solvents until the 1950s. Modern microbiological techniques have improved the original organism such that it produces high levelsof butanol rather than mixed solvents. Butanol has many advantages as an alternative fuel source; 1) a higher energy content, 2) usable in existing pipelines, 3) easy to blend with gasoline. Butanol can be produced fromsugarcane juice, molasses or sugars from bagasse hydrolysates using a strain of Clostridium beijerinckii.Sugarcane juice and molasses
ferment directly to butanol. The yield ofbutanol was 0.30 g/g sugar from molasses and 0.34 g/g sugar from juice whereas equivalent sucrose concentrations produced 0.27g butanol per g sugar. Details of the economics for a viable production of butanol from sugarcane products are presented.


Source
http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Kim,%20BUTANOL%20PRODUCTION%20FROM%20SUGARCANE%20JUICES.pdf

Friday, January 20, 2017

THE YEASTS, THEIR ECONOMIC, TECHNOLOGICAL AND DIVERSIFICATION POTENTIAL—PRESENT AND FUTURE

By  OSCAR A. ALMAZAN(1), MIGUEL A. OTERO-RAMBLA(1), JORGE R. WAGNER(2) and ISABEL GUERRERO-LEGARRETA(3)

1Cuban Institute for Research on Sugarcane By-Products (ICIDCA), Cuba 
2National University of Quilmes (UNQ), Argentina 
3Autonomous Metropolitan University, Iztapalapa Unit (UAMI), Mexico 

oscar.almazan@icidca.edu.cu

KEYWORDS: Yeasts, Technologies, Nutrition, Flavour, Enhancers, Proteins, Pollution.

Abstract

ABRIEFlook at the way yeasts and human beings met in ancient times, as well as an analysis of the primary and marginal yeastssuch as baker’s yeast, fodder yeast from different agro-industrial residues, beer production, etc., with the possible alternatives for upgrading, are presented. The analysis of the yeasts propagation, as an established technology for the dramatic reduction of the polluting potential of distillery slops, with
the simultaneous synthesis of a high quality fodder protein concentrate, as well as the evaluation of yeasts as a source of human nutrition complements, flavour enhancers, specific proteins and amino acids, organic pigments, plus the evaluation of the uses of the functional and thermal properties of yeasts, will complete the scope of this paper.

Source http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Almazan,%20THE%20YEASTS,%20THEIR%20ECONOMIC,%20TECHNOLOGICAL%20AND%20DIVERSIFICATION%20POTENTIAL-%20PRESENT%20AND.pdf

Wednesday, January 18, 2017

IRON MEDIATED CLARIFICATION AND DECOLOURISATION OF SUGARCANE JUICE



By L.R. MADSEN II and D.F. DAY
Louisiana State UniversityAgricultural Center Audubon Sugar Institute, St. Gabriel, La. 70776  Lmadsen@agctr.lsu.edu

KEYWORDS: Colour, Removal, Clarification, Iron.

Abstract

IN ORDER TOoperate most profitably, the sugar producers in Louisiana wish to engage in a cooperative arrangement with the sugar refineries. Because the sugar refinery is an industrial scale decolouriser that operates using natural gas as fuel, it makes sense that sugar with less colour, produced using bagasse-power, would likely have greater profit margins. The removal of phenolic colorants from raw juice using native cane protein as a vehicle and Fe3+ as an oxidative catalyst was studied. Colour was removed as phenolprotein conjugates which rapidly precipitated with the addition of a cationic flocculant. The decanted juice was clarified via cold-liming. The treatment yielded clarified juice with up to 70% lower colour than hot-liming juice. It appears that the phenolics were oxidised by Fe3+ which engaged a REDOX cycle yielding quinoid species. The free N-ε amino groups of lysine in the albuminoid proteins appeared to add to the quinones.  Stoichiometry indicated a degree of polymerisation of eight. Oligomer formation ceased at this length which appeared sufficient to facilitate irreversiblecross-linking and/or capping of the protein. The aggregates of iron, lignol(s) and protein were insoluble and precipitated. The process was tested in a 150 L settling clarifier which was operated in both pulsed and continuous modes. The method scaled well and the product juice exhibited 50–60% less colour than a cold-limed control when Fe3+ was applied in quantities ranging from 100–200 mg/L.

Source http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Madsen,%20IRON%20MEDIATED%20CLARIFICATION%20AND%20DECOLOURISATION%20OF%20SUGARCANE%20JUICE.pdf

ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH USING TRASH AS A COGENERATION FUEL


By G.A. KENT
Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane g.kent@qut.edu.au

KEYWORDS: Trash, Whole Crop, Harvest,
Transport, Process, Recovery.

Abstract

CONSIDERABLE WORK HAS been undertaken to determine an economical process to provide sugarcane trash as a fuel for cogeneration. This paper reviews efforts to provide that trash fuel by harvesting, transporting and processing the trash with the cane. Harvesting trash with the cane has the advantage that cane that would otherwise be lost by extracting it with the trash is captured and sugar can be produced from that cane.Transporting trash with the cane significantly reduces the bulk density of the cane, requiring substantial changes and costs to cane transport. Shredding the trash at the harvester and compacting the cane in the bin prior to transport are possible methods to increase the bulk density but both have considerable cost. Processing trash through the sugar factory with the cane significantly reduces sugar recovery and sugar quality.
Although considerable knowledge has been gained of these effects and further analysis has provided insights into their causes, much more work is required before whole crop harvesting and transport is an economically viable means of trash recovery.

Factory Processing      Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 28, 2013

Thursday, January 12, 2017

A NEW FORMULATED SILICON FERTILISER FOR BETTER SUGARCANE PRODUCTION


By ARIS TOHARISMAN, MUHAMAD MULYADI and ABDUL RASJID
Indonesian Sugar Research Institute
atoharis@yahoo.com

KEYWORDS: Silicon Fertiliser, Boiler Ash, Furnace Slag,
Humic Substance, Sugarcane Productivity.

Abstract

SILICON(Si) is an important beneficial element for sugarcane and is absorbed by sugarcane, more than any other mineral nutrient. Si is known to promote sugarcane yield, enhance resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, improve leaf and stalk erectness, and increase P availability. A new Si fertiliser namely SiPlusHS was formulated from sugar mill boiler ash, furnace slag, rock phosphate, zeolite, oxalic acid and humic substance. It formed granules of 3–5 mm indiameter and contained 8–10% soluble Si, 10–12% soluble phosphate and 3–5% humic substance. The effectiveness of this fertiliser was tested under field conditionson irrigated and non-irrigated sugarcane areas, covering areas of 1 and 2 ha, respectively. The fertiliser was applied at the rate of 0, 250 and 500 kg/ha. Results showed that application of 250 kg/ha SiPlusHS could increase cane yield from 2 to52% and sugar yield by as much as 15–58%. There were no significant differences between applications of 250 kg/ha and 500 kg/ha SiPlusHS.
In some areas, SiPlusHS could significantly decrease stem borer attacks. Recently, this new silicon fertiliser has beentested on about 1000 ha in various regions in Indonesia.

Source
http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Toharisman,%20A%20NEW%20FORMULATED%20SILFERTILISER%20FOR%20BETTER%20SUGARCANE%20PRODUCTION.pdf

SUGARCANE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER—STRATEGIES FOR THE NEXT DECADE


By ALVARO AMAYA
Colombian Sugarcane Research Center, CENICANA, Cali, Colombia
aamaya@cenicana.org

KEYWORDS: Research Challenges,
Multidisciplinary Research, Sustainability.

Abstract

AGRONOMICchallenges required for the decades ahead will focus on (1) research and technology transfer based on multidisciplinary approaches; (2) a transition from production-oriented models to consumer-driven systems; and (3) developments that promote sustainability and concerns for environmental issues. A multidisciplinary approach ensures that scientists, growers and factory engineers are aware of the contributions of other disciplines, rather than isolated, individual efforts. This requires not a narrowly focused ‘specialist’, but rather someone with a ‘special’ interest in various disciplines, whose wide vision could make integrated contributions to developing a true Renaissance in sugar industries. The transition to a consumer-driven model requires the identification of new priorities. Technologies for sugar production will remain a priority, but greater emphasis must be directed towards technologies for using sugarcane for energy production and for value-added products. In the case of energy production, the use of sugarcane has beenpossible because of the availability of
proven technologies, interest from investors, governmentregulation and consumer demand. For value-added products, the challenge for scientists lies not just in concrete research outputs, as has been the case for sugar production. Their skills for knowledge management and the vision to transfer their achievements, open new markets and generate interest in funding new research must be strengthened. Sustainability and environmental protection will continue playing a role in future research, both in the field and in factory processes. Climate changeis on the agenda ofchallenges that agronomists and their allied specialists must address in the design and management of future production systems. The prospective use of sugarcane as a source of bioenergy to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere offers an opportunity for scientists, investors and consumers to work together on sustainability and environmental protection. Research achievements and projections inthe sugar industry worldwide, reported in the literature as well as by the Colombian sugar industry, are used to illustrate these strategies.

Source http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Amaya,%20SUGARCANE%20RESEARCH%20AND%20TECHNOLOGY%20TRANSFER%20-%20STRATEGIES%20FOR%20THE%20NEXT%20DECADE.pdf

DEMONSTRATION OF CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM SUGARCANE BAGASSE IN AUSTRALIA: THE MACKAY RENEWABLE BIOCOMMODITIES PILOT PLANT


By I.M. O’HARA, L.A. EDYE, W.O.S. DOHERTY and G.A. KENT
Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
i.ohara@qut.edu.au

KEYWORDS: Lignocellulose, Bioethanol,
Biorefinery, Biocommodities, Pilot Plant.

Abstract

THE READYavailability of sugarcane bagasse at an existing industrial facility and the potential availability of extra fibre through trash collection make sugarcane fibre the best candidate for early stage commercialisation of cellulosic ethanol technologies. The commercialisation of cellulosicethanol technologies in the sugar industry requires both development of novel technologies and the assessment of these technologies at a precommercial scale. In 2007, the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) received funding from the Australian and Queensland Governments to construct a pilot research
and development facility for the production of bioethanol and other renewable
biocommodities from biomass including sugarcane bagasse. This facility has been built on the site of the Racecourse Sugar Mill in Mackay, Queensland and is known as the Mackay Renewable Biocommodities Pilot Plant (MRBPP). This research facility is capable of processing cellulosic biomass by a variety of pretreatment technologies and includes equipment for enzymatic saccharification, fermentation and distillation to produce ethanol. Lignin and fermentation co-products can also be produced in the pilot facility.

Source http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20O%20Hara,%20DEMONSTRATION%20OF%20CELLULOSIC%20ETHANOL%20PRODUCTION%20FROM%20SUGARCANE%20BAGASSE%20IN%20AUSTRALIA%20T.pdf