tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34931540081882043502024-03-19T17:22:17.628+07:00SUGAR RESEARCH ABSTRACTSHendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.comBlogger124125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-60334660885167179042017-01-25T07:27:00.002+07:002017-01-25T07:27:48.723+07:00PRODUCTIVE DIVERSIFICATION FROM SUGARCANE LIGNOCELLULOSIC BYPRODUCTS By N. AGUILAR R., A. CASTILLO M., A. HERRERA S.,<br />
D. A. RODRÍGUEZ L. and J.MURGUIA G.<br />
<br />
Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Córdoba Veracruz México Tel.: (52) 271 71 6 73 92 naguilar@uv.mx<br />
<br />
KEYWORDS: Sugarcane Biomass, Diversification, Mushroom, Pulp And Paper, Fermentable Sugar.<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
THE ACTUAL PROCESS of sugar and ethanol production in Mexico only uses the carbohydrates in the sugarcane juice and molasses. The remaining material, trash, bagasse and pith, constitutes the lignicellulosic byproducts (biomass) of this industry. In this work, three production alternatives were investigated: edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, pulp and paper and fermentable sugar productions from sugarcane biomass. The characterisation of byproducts was carried out according to AOAC test. For the case of mushroom production, sugarcane trash and a 50:50 mixture of trash and bagasse showed the highest yields (biological efficiencies) of 106% and 103% respectively. For acid hydrolysis, trash samples generated in the local industry were used. Several tests were performed to obtain the maximum production of fermentable sugars using diluted H2SO4at concentration level of 1.0%, temperatures (80–160°C) and hydrolysis times (0 to 330 minutes). A pseudo first-order kinetic model was developed to explain the hydrolysis from sugarcane<br />
trash using sulfuric acid. In the last alternative, bagasse pulping and ECF Bleaching (elementary chlorine free) were analysed in detail using TAPPI standards to establish the optimum pulping conditions for this lignocellulosic material.<br />
<br />
Source<br />
http://<a href="http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Aguilar%20R,%20PRODUCTIVE%20DIVERSIFICATION%20FROM%20SUGARCANE%20LIGNOCELLULOSIC%20BYPRODUCTS.pdf">www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Aguilar%20R,%20PRODUCTIVE%20DIVERSIFICATION%20FROM%20SUGARCANE%20LIGNOCELLULOSIC%20BYPRODUCTS.pdf</a>Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-66290033341015701612017-01-25T07:20:00.002+07:002017-01-25T07:20:22.102+07:00BUTANOL PRODUCTION FROM SUGARCANE JUICES By M. KIM and D.F. DAY<br />
<br />
Audubon Sugar Institute, LSU Agricultural Center, La. USA<br />
dday@agcenter.lsu.edu<br />
<br />
KEYWORDS: Butanol, Fermentation, Sugar Juices, Biomass.<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
BUTANOLis an aliphatic saturated alcoholwith the molecular formula of C4H9OH, which can be used as a transportation fuel, an intermediate and a solvent for a wide variety of chemical applications. The acetone-butanol fermentation was the standard for industrial production of solvents until the 1950s. Modern microbiological techniques have improved the original organism such that it produces high levelsof butanol rather than mixed solvents. Butanol has many advantages as an alternative fuel source; 1) a higher energy content, 2) usable in existing pipelines, 3) easy to blend with gasoline. Butanol can be produced fromsugarcane juice, molasses or sugars from bagasse hydrolysates using a strain of Clostridium beijerinckii.Sugarcane juice and molasses<br />
ferment directly to butanol. The yield ofbutanol was 0.30 g/g sugar from molasses and 0.34 g/g sugar from juice whereas equivalent sucrose concentrations produced 0.27g butanol per g sugar. Details of the economics for a viable production of butanol from sugarcane products are presented.<br />
<br />
<br />
Source<br />
http://<a href="http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Kim,%20BUTANOL%20PRODUCTION%20FROM%20SUGARCANE%20JUICES.pdf">www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Kim,%20BUTANOL%20PRODUCTION%20FROM%20SUGARCANE%20JUICES.pdf</a>Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-80577950146880657212017-01-20T06:30:00.000+07:002017-01-20T06:30:24.085+07:00THE YEASTS, THEIR ECONOMIC, TECHNOLOGICAL AND DIVERSIFICATION POTENTIAL—PRESENT AND FUTURE By OSCAR A. ALMAZAN(1), MIGUEL A. OTERO-RAMBLA(1), JORGE R. WAGNER(2) and ISABEL GUERRERO-LEGARRETA(3)<br />
<br />
<b><i>1Cuban Institute for Research on Sugarcane By-Products (ICIDCA), Cuba </i></b><br />
<b><i>2National University of Quilmes (UNQ), Argentina </i></b><br />
<b><i>3Autonomous Metropolitan University, Iztapalapa Unit (UAMI), Mexico </i></b><br />
<br />
oscar.almazan@icidca.edu.cu<br />
<br />
KEYWORDS: Yeasts, Technologies, Nutrition, Flavour, Enhancers, Proteins, Pollution.<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
ABRIEFlook at the way yeasts and human beings met in ancient times, as well as an analysis of the primary and marginal yeastssuch as baker’s yeast, fodder yeast from different agro-industrial residues, beer production, etc., with the possible alternatives for upgrading, are presented. The analysis of the yeasts propagation, as an established technology for the dramatic reduction of the polluting potential of distillery slops, with<br />
the simultaneous synthesis of a high quality fodder protein concentrate, as well as the evaluation of yeasts as a source of human nutrition complements, flavour enhancers, specific proteins and amino acids, organic pigments, plus the evaluation of the uses of the functional and thermal properties of yeasts, will complete the scope of this paper.<br />
<br />
Source http://<a href="http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Almazan,%20THE%20YEASTS,%20THEIR%20ECONOMIC,%20TECHNOLOGICAL%20AND%20DIVERSIFICATION%20POTENTIAL-%20PRESENT%20AND.pdf">www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Almazan,%20THE%20YEASTS,%20THEIR%20ECONOMIC,%20TECHNOLOGICAL%20AND%20DIVERSIFICATION%20POTENTIAL-%20PRESENT%20AND.pdf</a>Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-5756066252830754892017-01-18T11:24:00.000+07:002017-01-18T11:24:04.680+07:00IRON MEDIATED CLARIFICATION AND DECOLOURISATION OF SUGARCANE JUICE <br />
<br />
By L.R. MADSEN II and D.F. DAY<br />
Louisiana State UniversityAgricultural Center Audubon Sugar Institute, St. Gabriel, La. 70776 Lmadsen@agctr.lsu.edu<br />
<br />
KEYWORDS: Colour, Removal, Clarification, Iron.<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
IN ORDER TOoperate most profitably, the sugar producers in Louisiana wish to engage in a cooperative arrangement with the sugar refineries. Because the sugar refinery is an industrial scale decolouriser that operates using natural gas as fuel, it makes sense that sugar with less colour, produced using bagasse-power, would likely have greater profit margins. The removal of phenolic colorants from raw juice using native cane protein as a vehicle and Fe3+ as an oxidative catalyst was studied. Colour was removed as phenolprotein conjugates which rapidly precipitated with the addition of a cationic flocculant. The decanted juice was clarified via cold-liming. The treatment yielded clarified juice with up to 70% lower colour than hot-liming juice. It appears that the phenolics were oxidised by Fe3+ which engaged a REDOX cycle yielding quinoid species. The free N-ε amino groups of lysine in the albuminoid proteins appeared to add to the quinones. Stoichiometry indicated a degree of polymerisation of eight. Oligomer formation ceased at this length which appeared sufficient to facilitate irreversiblecross-linking and/or capping of the protein. The aggregates of iron, lignol(s) and protein were insoluble and precipitated. The process was tested in a 150 L settling clarifier which was operated in both pulsed and continuous modes. The method scaled well and the product juice exhibited 50–60% less colour than a cold-limed control when Fe3+ was applied in quantities ranging from 100–200 mg/L.<br />
<br />
Source http://<a href="http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Madsen,%20IRON%20MEDIATED%20CLARIFICATION%20AND%20DECOLOURISATION%20OF%20SUGARCANE%20JUICE.pdf">www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Madsen,%20IRON%20MEDIATED%20CLARIFICATION%20AND%20DECOLOURISATION%20OF%20SUGARCANE%20JUICE.pdf</a>Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-75795276585112260092017-01-18T11:10:00.003+07:002017-01-18T11:10:41.890+07:00ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH USING TRASH AS A COGENERATION FUEL<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
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<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-5840897862251274172" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 570px;">
By G.A. KENT<br />Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane g.kent@qut.edu.au<br /><br />KEYWORDS: Trash, Whole Crop, Harvest,<br />Transport, Process, Recovery.<br /><br /><b>Abstract</b><br /><br />CONSIDERABLE WORK HAS been undertaken to determine an economical process to provide sugarcane trash as a fuel for cogeneration. This paper reviews efforts to provide that trash fuel by harvesting, transporting and processing the trash with the cane. Harvesting trash with the cane has the advantage that cane that would otherwise be lost by extracting it with the trash is captured and sugar can be produced from that cane.Transporting trash with the cane significantly reduces the bulk density of the cane, requiring substantial changes and costs to cane transport. Shredding the trash at the harvester and compacting the cane in the bin prior to transport are possible methods to increase the bulk density but both have considerable cost. Processing trash through the sugar factory with the cane significantly reduces sugar recovery and sugar quality.<br />Although considerable knowledge has been gained of these effects and further analysis has provided insights into their causes, much more work is required before whole crop harvesting and transport is an economically viable means of trash recovery.<br /><br /><b><i>Factory Processing Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 28, 2013</i></b><br /></div>
Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-85901595745274851012017-01-12T07:30:00.001+07:002017-01-12T07:30:04.240+07:00A NEW FORMULATED SILICON FERTILISER FOR BETTER SUGARCANE PRODUCTION <br />
By ARIS TOHARISMAN, MUHAMAD MULYADI and ABDUL RASJID<br />
Indonesian Sugar Research Institute<br />
atoharis@yahoo.com<br />
<br />
KEYWORDS: Silicon Fertiliser, Boiler Ash, Furnace Slag,<br />
Humic Substance, Sugarcane Productivity.<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
SILICON(Si) is an important beneficial element for sugarcane and is absorbed by sugarcane, more than any other mineral nutrient. Si is known to promote sugarcane yield, enhance resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, improve leaf and stalk erectness, and increase P availability. A new Si fertiliser namely SiPlusHS was formulated from sugar mill boiler ash, furnace slag, rock phosphate, zeolite, oxalic acid and humic substance. It formed granules of 3–5 mm indiameter and contained 8–10% soluble Si, 10–12% soluble phosphate and 3–5% humic substance. The effectiveness of this fertiliser was tested under field conditionson irrigated and non-irrigated sugarcane areas, covering areas of 1 and 2 ha, respectively. The fertiliser was applied at the rate of 0, 250 and 500 kg/ha. Results showed that application of 250 kg/ha SiPlusHS could increase cane yield from 2 to52% and sugar yield by as much as 15–58%. There were no significant differences between applications of 250 kg/ha and 500 kg/ha SiPlusHS.<br />
In some areas, SiPlusHS could significantly decrease stem borer attacks. Recently, this new silicon fertiliser has beentested on about 1000 ha in various regions in Indonesia.<br />
<br />
Source<br />
<a href="http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Toharisman,%20A%20NEW%20FORMULATED%20SILFERTILISER%20FOR%20BETTER%20SUGARCANE%20PRODUCTION.pdf">http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Toharisman,%20A%20NEW%20FORMULATED%20SILFERTILISER%20FOR%20BETTER%20SUGARCANE%20PRODUCTION.pdf</a>Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-71559887377870456162017-01-12T07:22:00.003+07:002017-01-12T07:34:25.318+07:00SUGARCANE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER—STRATEGIES FOR THE NEXT DECADE<br />
By ALVARO AMAYA<br />
Colombian Sugarcane Research Center, CENICANA, Cali, Colombia<br />
aamaya@cenicana.org<br />
<br />
KEYWORDS: Research Challenges,<br />
Multidisciplinary Research, Sustainability.<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
AGRONOMICchallenges required for the decades ahead will focus on (1) research and technology transfer based on multidisciplinary approaches; (2) a transition from production-oriented models to consumer-driven systems; and (3) developments that promote sustainability and concerns for environmental issues. A multidisciplinary approach ensures that scientists, growers and factory engineers are aware of the contributions of other disciplines, rather than isolated, individual efforts. This requires not a narrowly focused ‘specialist’, but rather someone with a ‘special’ interest in various disciplines, whose wide vision could make integrated contributions to developing a true Renaissance in sugar industries. The transition to a consumer-driven model requires the identification of new priorities. Technologies for sugar production will remain a priority, but greater emphasis must be directed towards technologies for using sugarcane for energy production and for value-added products. In the case of energy production, the use of sugarcane has beenpossible because of the availability of<br />
proven technologies, interest from investors, governmentregulation and consumer demand. For value-added products, the challenge for scientists lies not just in concrete research outputs, as has been the case for sugar production. Their skills for knowledge management and the vision to transfer their achievements, open new markets and generate interest in funding new research must be strengthened. Sustainability and environmental protection will continue playing a role in future research, both in the field and in factory processes. Climate changeis on the agenda ofchallenges that agronomists and their allied specialists must address in the design and management of future production systems. The prospective use of sugarcane as a source of bioenergy to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere offers an opportunity for scientists, investors and consumers to work together on sustainability and environmental protection. Research achievements and projections inthe sugar industry worldwide, reported in the literature as well as by the Colombian sugar industry, are used to illustrate these strategies.<br />
<br />
Source <a href="http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Amaya,%20SUGARCANE%20RESEARCH%20AND%20TECHNOLOGY%20TRANSFER%20-%20STRATEGIES%20FOR%20THE%20NEXT%20DECADE.pdf">http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Amaya,%20SUGARCANE%20RESEARCH%20AND%20TECHNOLOGY%20TRANSFER%20-%20STRATEGIES%20FOR%20THE%20NEXT%20DECADE.pdf</a>Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-76218621963628094382017-01-12T07:17:00.000+07:002017-01-12T07:36:12.105+07:00DEMONSTRATION OF CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM SUGARCANE BAGASSE IN AUSTRALIA: THE MACKAY RENEWABLE BIOCOMMODITIES PILOT PLANT <br />
By I.M. O’HARA, L.A. EDYE, W.O.S. DOHERTY and G.A. KENT<br />
Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia<br />
i.ohara@qut.edu.au<br />
<br />
KEYWORDS: Lignocellulose, Bioethanol,<br />
Biorefinery, Biocommodities, Pilot Plant.<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
THE READYavailability of sugarcane bagasse at an existing industrial facility and the potential availability of extra fibre through trash collection make sugarcane fibre the best candidate for early stage commercialisation of cellulosic ethanol technologies. The commercialisation of cellulosicethanol technologies in the sugar industry requires both development of novel technologies and the assessment of these technologies at a precommercial scale. In 2007, the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) received funding from the Australian and Queensland Governments to construct a pilot research<br />
and development facility for the production of bioethanol and other renewable<br />
biocommodities from biomass including sugarcane bagasse. This facility has been built on the site of the Racecourse Sugar Mill in Mackay, Queensland and is known as the Mackay Renewable Biocommodities Pilot Plant (MRBPP). This research facility is capable of processing cellulosic biomass by a variety of pretreatment technologies and includes equipment for enzymatic saccharification, fermentation and distillation to produce ethanol. Lignin and fermentation co-products can also be produced in the pilot facility.<br />
<br />
Source <a href="http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20O%20Hara,%20DEMONSTRATION%20OF%20CELLULOSIC%20ETHANOL%20PRODUCTION%20FROM%20SUGARCANE%20BAGASSE%20IN%20AUSTRALIA%20T.pdf">http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20O%20Hara,%20DEMONSTRATION%20OF%20CELLULOSIC%20ETHANOL%20PRODUCTION%20FROM%20SUGARCANE%20BAGASSE%20IN%20AUSTRALIA%20T.pdf</a>Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-84480814287072579932015-06-23T05:05:00.000+07:002015-06-23T05:07:14.162+07:00Rise and fall of Indonesian sugar industry<div>
By Aris Toharisman (ISRI), Triantarti (ISRI) Fadil Hasan (ISRI)</div>
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<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21px;">Valuable lessons can be learned from the long history of the Indonesian sugar industry. The Indonesian sugar industry was established four centuries ago. It became the second largest sugar exporter after Cuba. In 1930 Indonesia produced 2.9 million tons of sugar, of which 2.2 million tons were exported to Europe. The average sugar yield in Indonesia was approximately 14.8 t/h. However, the situation has changed drastically. Recently, Indonesia has become one of the largest sugar importers. In 2012, the average sugar yield was 5.9 t/h, only 40% of that achieved 80 years ago. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #ff7200; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Myriad Pro', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; text-align: right;">Keywords </span><a href="https://www.internationalsugarjournal.com/keywords/indonesian-sugar-industry/" rel="tag" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0099b2; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Myriad Pro', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: right; text-decoration: none;">Indonesian sugar industry</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Myriad Pro', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; text-align: right;">,</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Myriad Pro', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; text-align: right;"> </span><a href="https://www.internationalsugarjournal.com/keywords/problems/" rel="tag" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0099b2; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Myriad Pro', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: right; text-decoration: none;">problems</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Myriad Pro', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; text-align: right;">,</span><a href="https://www.internationalsugarjournal.com/keywords/sugar-productivity/" rel="tag" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0099b2; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Myriad Pro', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: right; text-decoration: none;">sugar productivity</a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #ff7200; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Myriad Pro', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; text-align: right;">Author contact </span><a href="mailto:atoharis@yahoo.com" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0099b2; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Myriad Pro', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: right; text-decoration: none;">atoharis@yahoo.com</a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="color: #555555; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.internationalsugarjournal.com/paper/rise-and-fall-of-indonesian-sugar-industry/">www.internationalsugarjournal.com/paper/rise-and-fall-of-indonesian-sugar-industry/</a></span></span></div>
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Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-34311098238703110182014-06-27T05:45:00.003+07:002014-06-27T05:45:34.759+07:00CONCEPTS AND VALUE OF THE NITROGEN GUIDELINES CONTAINED IN THE AUSTRALIAN SUGAR INDUSTRY’S ‘SIX EASY STEPS’ NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM By B.L. SCHROEDER(1), A.P. HURNEY(2), A.W. WOOD(3), P.W. MOODY(4) and P.G. ALLSOPP(5).<br />
<br />
BSES Limited,<br />
(1) Bundaberg,<br />
(2) Tully,<br />
(5) Indooroopilly<br />
(3) CSR Sugar, Macknade<br />
(4) Queensland DERM, Indooroopilly<br />
<br />
bschroeder@bses.org.au<br />
<br />
KEYWORDS: Sugarcane, Nitrogen Management Guidelines, Validation, Value.<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
THE AUSTRALIAN sugar industry currently faces unprecedented scrutiny of its use of nutrients<br />
due to initiatives to protect the Great Barrier Reef from excess nutrients and sediment from<br />
agricultural activities along the Queensland coast. However, this quest needs to be viewed in<br />
conjunction with the need for a sustainable sugarcane industry.<br />
<br />
A comprehensive program for nutrient management (the SIX EASY STEPS<br />
program) has been developed recently for the Australian sugar industry. It replaces the<br />
previous general guidelines that did not differentiate between regions or soil types and lacked<br />
precision. The new system supports profitable and sustainable sugarcane production,<br />
enhances environmental awareness, and is consistent with best practice.<br />
<br />
The paper summarises the alternative N management strategies that occur within the<br />
Australian sugar industry. It describes best-practice nutrient management and the concepts<br />
that underpin the SIX EASY STEPS program, and explains the principles of the N<br />
management guidelines used within the SIX EASY STEPS program and link this to N use<br />
efficiency. It also assesses the value of the SIX EASY STEPS N management guidelines.<br />
<br />
Trial results presented indicate that the SIX EASY STEPS N guidelines are robust and much<br />
more in line with the concept of sustainability than any of the other strategies considered.<br />
Calculation of the target N-use efficiency factors across the full range of SIX EASY<br />
STEPS N guidelines, especially when all possible sources of N within the soil/plant<br />
environment are included, strengthens the SIX EASY STEPS as an appropriate and fully<br />
comprehensive nutrient management package. This is confirmed by the results of the<br />
economic analyses of data from both small plot experiments and commercially-based<br />
replicated strip trials conducted on-farm.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.issct.org/">www.issct.org</a><br />
Agronomy-<b><i> Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010 </i></b><br />
__________________________________________________________________________<br />
<br />Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-34520364252857105422014-05-31T05:55:00.003+07:002014-05-31T05:55:48.128+07:00USE OF VINASSE FOR SOIL RECLAMATION AND ITS IMPACT ON ELEMENTAL LOADS IN VERTISOL SOIL AND GROUNDWATER By <b>MARCO ANTONIO GIRON TEJADA</b><br />
Imecol S.A.<br />
magiron@yahoo.com<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>KEYWORDS</b>: Vinasse, Sugarcane, Soil,<br />
Groundwater, Soil Reclamation.<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
ASTUDYwas carried out to evaluate the contamination of soils and groundwater through the<br />
use of vinasse in the reclamation of saline soilswith trace elements such as Fe, Cu, Mn and<br />
Zn to sugarcane soils.<br />
<br />
The soils at the experimental site were located in the flat area of Valle del Cauca,<br />
Colombia and consisted of the Vertisols of the Galpón series characterised with a loam clay<br />
texture and problems of salinity and sodicity.<br />
Vinasse containing 10% total solids was applied at the rate of 1500 m3/ha. The trace<br />
element contents in the soil increased compared to their initial values but did not reach levels<br />
that are considered as deleterious to the soils.<br />
Similarly, the concentration of trace elements in groundwater was not significantly<br />
increased and remained below the threshold values according to the Colombian<br />
Environmental Legislation.<br />
<br />
In conclusion, in this type of soil there were no contamination problems with heavy<br />
elements in soil and groundwater from the application of vinasse with 10% solids on the<br />
reclamation of saline soils.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.issct.org/">www.issct.org</a><br />
<br />
Agronomy - Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010<br />
__________________________________________________________________________<br />
<br />Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-22060391811716243732014-05-31T05:48:00.004+07:002014-05-31T05:48:55.152+07:00INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SEED DEPTH, THICKNESS OF TRASH BLANKET AND HERBICIDE TREATMENTS ON EMERGENCE OF VINE WEEDS IN SUGARCANEBy <b>A. GAUNGOO, S. SEERUTTUN</b> and <b>C. BARBE </b><br />
Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius<br />
sseeruttun@msiri.intnet.mu<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
VINE weeds are appearing more frequently in sugarcane fields, particularly with the<br />
increasing adoption of green cane trash blanketing (GCTB). Current control measures are not<br />
effectively providing adequate control of these weeds.<br />
<br />
A project to develop strategies for managing vine weeds has been initiated and<br />
included three trials studying the factors influencing emergence of three Ipomoeaspecies<br />
sown in trays. In the first trial, seeds of I. trilobaand I. obscurawere found to emerge at<br />
depths beyond 8 cm while germination of I. nilwas reduced at seed depths greater than 4 cm.<br />
In the second trial, emergence of the three vine species was found to be unaffected by<br />
a trash layer of 5 cm whereas a significant reduction was observed as trash thickness was<br />
increased to 10 cm. An interaction between depth of the vine seed and thickness of trash layer<br />
was also noted; i.e. emergence of seeds at depths between 2 and 4 cm was reduced by more<br />
than 75% when covered by a trash layer of 10 cm.<br />
<br />
In the third trial, six pre-emergence herbicide treatments namely atrazine, atrazine +<br />
hexazinone, sulfentrazone, amicarbazone, trifloxysulfuron + ametryn, and diclosulam were<br />
tested for their efficacy against I. trilobasown at soil depths of 2, 6 and 10 cm. At 6 weeks<br />
after spraying (WAS), irrespective of seeddepth, all herbicide treatments provided<br />
satisfactory control. The interaction betweenherbicide treatment and seed depth was<br />
significant at 12 WAS; irrespective of sowing depths, only sulfentrazone provided less than<br />
5% germination over a period of 18 WAS.<br />
<br />
These results indicate that both thickness of the trash layer and choice of the<br />
herbicide treatment should be taken into consideration in the development of strategies to<br />
control vines in sugarcane under GCTB.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.issct.org/">www.issct.org</a><br />
Agronomy - Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010<br />
__________________________________________________________________________Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-59194152920942213672014-05-28T08:30:00.002+07:002014-05-28T08:32:34.562+07:00LUMAX ® : AN ALTERNATIVE TO ATRAZINE FOR PRE- AND POST-EMERGENCE CONTROL OF WEEDS IN SUGARCANE By <b>S. SEERUTTUN, C. BARBE</b> and <b>A. GAUNGOO </b><br />
Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius<br />
sseeruttun@msiri.intnet.mu<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
ATRAZINEhas successfully been used for more than 40 years in various tank-mixes for both<br />
pre- and post-emergence control of weeds in sugarcane. However, the product is banned in<br />
the EU for environmental reasons. Lumax®, consisting of three active ingredients namely mesotrione (0.0375 kg a.i./L), terbutylazine (0.125 kg a.i./L) and s-metolachlor (0.375 kg a.i./L), has been evaluated as a<br />
substitute for atrazine in Mauritius in 10 field trials in both plant and ratoon sugarcane. Lumax® at rates varying between 3.5 and 5.0 L/ha proved effective on a wide spectrum of broad-leaved weeds and some grasses, including Digitaria horizontalis. In general, Lumax® was superior to the standard s-metolachlor + atrazine and comparable to the tank-mixes tebuthiuron + atrazine and oxyfluorfen + diuron.<br />
In post-emergence of weeds, although Lumax® tank-mixed with 2,4-D amine salt showed a better control of weeds than atrazine tank-mixed with s-metolachlor + 2,4-D amine salt, it was slightly inferior to the other standards containing hexazinone or tebuthiuron. In all situations, Lumax® provided a residual activity varying between 10 and 12 weeks and showed no phytotoxicity on the various sugarcane varieties tested. Lumax®<br />
has been recommended as an alternative to atrazineat rates varying between 4.0 and 5.0 L/ha.<br />
<br />
<b>KEYWORDS</b>: Mesotrione, Terbuthylazine,<br />
S-Metolachlor.<br />
<br />
Agronomy- <b><i>Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010</i></b><br />
<a href="http://www.issct.org/">www.issct.org</a><br />
visit : <a href="http://www.issct.org/congress2016.html" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; color: #11593c; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">www.issct.org/congress2016.html</a>Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-22698584319249933162014-05-28T08:19:00.002+07:002014-05-28T08:22:50.882+07:00STRATEGIES FOR THE OPTIMAL USE OF NITROGEN FERTILISERS IN THE SUGARCANE CROP IN GUATEMALA By<br />
<b>O. PEREZ</b> (1), <b>C. UFER</b>(2),<b> V. AZAÑON</b>(3) and<b> E. SOLARES</b>(4)<br />
<br />
1 Guatemalan Sugarcane Research and Training Centre -CENGICAÑA- Guatemala<br />
Km. 92.5 Carretera a Santa Lucía Cotzumalguapa, Escuintla, Guatemala<br />
2 Pantaleon Corporation Sugar Mill<br />
3 La Unión Sugar Mill<br />
4 Magdalena Sugar Mill<br />
<br />
operez@cengicana.org<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
THE OBJECTIVE of this work is to present practical criteria that will help sugarcane growers to<br />
optimise their investment in nitrogen fertilisers in the sugarcane crop in Guatemala.<br />
<br />
The importance of this objective is in relation to the general increase of fertiliser<br />
price and particularly of nitrogen fertiliser.<br />
<br />
The criteria are based on knowledge of crop response to N application in the region<br />
after 14 years of experience in research on the topic.<br />
<br />
Crop N response is a function of cane yield, soil fertility, crop age or crop cycle and<br />
other variables associated with agronomical practices and soil condition.<br />
<br />
As a result, N rate used in sugar mills’fertilisation programs can be adjusted by<br />
comparing the current relation of kg of nitrogen per tonne of cane (N:TC), with reference<br />
ratios recommended for different soils according to organic matter content (OM) and other<br />
factors. Besides, N rates must be adjusted to fertiliser and sugar price for different production<br />
groups. As an alternative to reduce dependence onnitrogen fertilisers, there are practices that<br />
must be taken into account and be optimised in the short term. These practices consist of usage of species of green manure adapted to the intercropping system, the use of co-products and, in the mid and long term, there is potential for N biological fixation in the sugarcane crop.<br />
<br />
<b>KEYWORDS</b>: Nitrogen, Optimisation, Green Manure, N Biological Fixation.<br />
<b><i>Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010</i></b><br />
<a href="http://www.issct.org/">www.issct.org</a><br />
visit : http://<a href="http://www.issct.org/congress2016.html">www.issct.org/congress2016.html</a><br />
__________________________________________________________________________<br />
<br />Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-11626303659402752372014-01-08T16:48:00.003+07:002014-01-08T16:59:29.136+07:00DIVERSIFICATION OF SUGARCANE VARIETIES FOR CATTLE FEED AND SUSTAINABILITY By <b>H. JORGE, O. SUÁREZ, H. GARCÍA, I. JORGE</b> and <b>L. BENITEZ</b><br />
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones dela Caña de Azúcar, Habana. Cuba<br />
hector@inica.minaz.cu<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract </b><br />
<br />
THE PAPER reports results of a study of 44 sugarcane genotypes, evaluated as cattle feed, at<br />
13 months of age, in the first ratoon crop, at Villa Clara–Cienfuegos Territorial Sugar Cane<br />
Research Station and the Sancti Spiritus National Breeding Center in Cuba.<br />
Fourteen traits were evaluated by means of multivariate analyses (Principal<br />
Components and Discriminant Function), and also a simulation was conducted of agroecological regionalisation for the allocation of the sugarcane varieties according to the main<br />
limiting factors (drought and poor drainage) on a cattle producing farm.<br />
Results showed that the variables, percentageof stalk fresh weight (% of stalks) and<br />
of tops (% of tops), had high influence in the first principal component, whereas the genetic<br />
disease (smut and rust) resistance had high influence in the second component. It should be<br />
pointed out that the percentage of digestibility of the dry matter showed very little variability,<br />
which indicates a high stability of this trait.<br />
The Discriminant Function Analysis allowed classification of cultivars into three<br />
groups: varieties of low forage value (below 40% digestibility of the dry matter), varieties of<br />
intermediate forage value (between 40–50%) and varieties of high forage value (above 50%<br />
digestibility).<br />
<br />
Results allowed the recommendation of 21 new genotypes, characterised by their<br />
resistance to main diseases and their high foragevalue, and nine were superior to the control<br />
My5514, four suitable for waterlogging stress and three for drought stress.<br />
The simulation of the agro-ecological regionalisation enabled spatial location and<br />
modelling for the appropriate establishment of individuals, in agreement to their digestibility,<br />
tolerance to the two environmental stresses (waterlogging and drought) and their disease<br />
resistance.<br />
<br />
<b>KEYWORDS:</b> Cattle Feed, Digestibility,<br />
Dry Matter, Soils, Abiotic Stress.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.issct.org/">www.issct.org</a><br />
http://<a href="http://www.issct.org/congress2016.html">www.issct.org/congress2016.html</a><br />
<br />
Agronomy - <b><i>Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010</i></b><br />
<br />
<br />Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-90061537843920115332014-01-04T19:09:00.002+07:002014-01-04T19:09:22.534+07:00A SUSTAINABLE FERTILISATION PROGRAM FOR A SUGAR FACTORY IN MEXICO: A PRINCIPLE FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE By S. SALGADO GARCÍA, D.J. PALMA-LÓPEZ, J. ZAVALA-CRUZ,<br />
L.C. LAGUNES-ESPINOZA, M. CASTELÁN-ESTRADA,<br />
C.F. ORTIZ-GARCÍA, J.F. JUÁREZ-LÓPEZ, O. RUIZ-ROSADO,<br />
L. ARMIDA-ALCUDIA and J.A. RINCÓN-RAMÍREZ<br />
<br />
<b>Colegio de Postgraduados – Campus Tabasco </b><br />
<b>Apdo.Postal 24. 86500 Cárdenas, Tabasco, México </b><br />
salgados@colpos.mx<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
THIS WORK was carried out to determine site-specific fertiliser application rates for the<br />
different types of soil in which sugarcane is cultivated in the sugar factory ‘Presidente Benito<br />
Juárez’ in Mexico.<br />
Cartographic soil subunits were identified through interpretation of aerial<br />
photographs, field observations, and soil sampling toa depth of 1.2 m. In each subunit, the<br />
agrologic profiles were described, and physical and chemical analyses were done to classify<br />
the soil according to the World Soil Map. Fertilisation rates (FR) of N, P2O5, and K2O for<br />
each soil subunit were estimated using a conceptual model. This model is based on the<br />
balance of nutrient demand of the crop, nutrients supplied by the soil, and fertiliser<br />
efficiency. To estimate demand, dry matter production and N, P, and K accumulation of the<br />
sugarcane aerial biomass were determined. P and K supply was calculated from the results of<br />
soil chemical analysis, plus the N contributions from crop residues and their management.<br />
Three major soil groups were found and classified as subunits. The FR for each soil<br />
subunit were (N, P2O5, K2O kg/ha): 120–60–80 for Cambisol Fluvic (Eutric Clayic),<br />
Cambisol Endogleyic (Clayic Eutric) and Cambisol Stanic (Clayic Eutric); 120–70–80 for<br />
Cambisol Endogleyic Stanic (Eutric Ferric) and Gleysol Haplic (Eutric Clayic); 160–80–80<br />
for Vertisol Gleyic Stanic (Eutric); and 120–80–80 for Vertisol Stanic (Eutric).<br />
Fertiliser rates were adjusted based on the expected sugarcane yields for each soil<br />
subunits and soil fertility maintenance. We alsogenerated a map of FR for each sugarcane<br />
field to allow producers to locate the relevant rate.<br />
<br />
<b>KEYWORDS</b>: Saccharum officinarum, Fertiliser Recommendation,<br />
Precision Agriculture, Conceptual Model.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.issct.org/">www.issct.org</a><br />
<br />
Agronomy <b><i>Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010</i></b><br />
<br />
<br />Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-87638764203766876872013-12-30T20:59:00.001+07:002013-12-30T20:59:56.095+07:00MONITORING SUGARCANE CROPS IN THE CAUCA RIVER VALLEY (COLOMBIA), USING MODIS SATELLITE IMAGES By <b>CAP.J. MURILLO, C.A. OSORIO, J.A. RBONELL</b> and <b>A.E. PALMA </b><br />
<br />
CENICAÑA, Colombia<br />
<br />
pjmurillo@cenicana.org; jacarbonell@cenicana.org<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract </b><br />
<br />
MODIS product MOD13Q1 was used to monitor the sugarcane crop, using an enhanced<br />
vegetation index in the Cauca River Valley for a time series from 2000–2006.<br />
The product consists of images taken every 16 days (pixel size of 250 × 250 m),<br />
which makes it possible to work withfields larger than 6.25 ha.<br />
A methodology was developed for downloading, cutting, filtering and laying out the<br />
time series of the vegetation indices on Internet for the entire area planted with sugarcane.<br />
The relation between the time series and the information on crop establishment and<br />
harvesting of the fields indicated that the satellite data were consistent with the phenology of<br />
the sugarcane crop.<br />
Similarly, there was a high correlation between the cumulative vegetation index and<br />
cane production.<br />
Low index values were associated with low values of tonnes of cane per hectare;<br />
whereas high index values meant high production values.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>KEYWORDS</b>: Sugarcane, Yield Forecasting, MODIS,<br />
Enhanced Vegetation Index, Time Series.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.issct.org/">www.issct.org</a><br />
Agricultural Engineering Posters <b><i>Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010 </i></b><br />
<br />Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-86317891095042927442013-12-24T08:20:00.002+07:002013-12-24T08:20:49.550+07:00STUDY ON FARMLAND APPLICATION OF VINASSE FROM SUGARCANE MOLASSES By <b>CHEN YAN</b> and <b>SHINOGI YOSHIYUKI</b><br />
National Agricultural Research Organisation<br />
305-8609 2-1-6, Kannondai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
DURING bio-ethanol production from sugarcane molasses, large amounts of vinasse, which is<br />
strongly acidic with high COD and BOD, is produced as a by-product. Disposal of vinasse is<br />
one restrictive problem for sustainable bio-ethanol production.<br />
In this study, possible application of vinasseto farmland was investigated. First, the<br />
staple characteristics of vinasse were determined. Second, availability of nutrients such as<br />
nitrogen and potassium to crops and dynamics inthe soil environment were studied in the<br />
laboratory and, thirdly, crop growth experiments were carried out in the field.<br />
In conclusion,<br />
1) potassium is the most common nutrient in vinasse;<br />
2) large amounts of chloride are also present;<br />
3) high COD and pigment from rind of sugarcane were also observed.<br />
Farmland application of vinasse as a substitutefor one third of the potassium showed<br />
no significant damage to the growthof red-radishes and tomatoes.<br />
When large amounts of vinasse are applied to farmland as a substitution for the<br />
nitrogen in traditional chemical fertilisers, nitrogen deficiency symptoms, especially<br />
immediately after application, are expected.<br />
In addition, it is necessary to take into consideration the leaching of ions and the<br />
pigment in the vinasse for proper timing of application and soil conditions.<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>KEYWORDS:</b> Sugarcane Molasses, Pigment,<br />
Incubation Test, Tomato and Radish Cultivation.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.issct.org/">www.issct.org</a><br />
<br />
Agricultural Engineering Posters <b><i>Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010 </i></b><br />
__________________________________________________________________________<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-49648788813171561272013-12-16T10:29:00.003+07:002013-12-16T10:29:33.816+07:00SUGARCANE MECHANISATION FOR PROFITABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATIONBy <b>C. NORRIS</b>(1), <b>P. LYNE</b>(2) and<b> K. CHOONHAWONG</b>(3)<br />
1 Booker Tate Ltd, Masters Court, Church Rd, Thame, Oxon OX93FA UK.<br />
2 SASRI, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa<br />
3 Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand<br />
<br />
Chris.Norris@Booker-Tate.co.uk<br />
<br />
Abstract<br />
THE PAPER summarises the findings compiled from contributions of the committee members<br />
and from the proceedings of the International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (ISSCT)<br />
Agricultural Engineering Section Workshop held between 3rd and 5th of March 2009 at The<br />
University Centre, Kamphaeng Saen Campus atNakhon Pathom of the Kaestart University,<br />
Thailand.<br />
The opening addresses gave an excellent overview of the Thailand industry, which<br />
globally is the second largest exporter of sugar,and has over 80% of its farms of less than<br />
20 ha in size.<br />
The industry is in a stage of rapid development, with appropriate mechanisation for<br />
small growers being a significant issue.<br />
The demand for by-products such as ethanol are significant catalysts for the growth<br />
of the industry.<br />
The presentations were grouped under the general headings of Machinery and<br />
Mechanisation and Management and Logistics, with a focus on mechanisation associated<br />
with smaller operations.<br />
The field visits associated with the workshop focused on the very significant<br />
development which is occurring in appropriatemechanisation for small and medium size<br />
growers, as well as the integration of rotation crops with sugarcane and irrigation systems<br />
used.<br />
In the workshopping sessions, a wide range of issues were discussed, ranging from<br />
Crop Production to the Environment. Miller–Grower ‘Politics’ and Health & Safety issues<br />
were also seen as issues which could be addressed, with discussion on the potential of ISSCT<br />
sanctioning various training courses. Overall, the most significant issue seen to be facing the<br />
industry was logistics and cost of cane transport from the field to the mill.<br />
Thailand represented an excellent venue for the workshop, because of its rapid<br />
growth and the market driven development of appropriate mechanisation for small growers.<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>KEYWORDS</b>: Sugarcane, Mechanisation,<br />
Green Cane Harvesting, Small Growers, Sustainability.<br />
<a href="http://www.issct.org/">www.issct.org</a><br />
<br />
Agricultural Engineering <b><i>Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010 </i></b><br />
__________________________________________________________________________Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-4121684789273615032013-12-09T21:07:00.002+07:002013-12-09T21:07:11.696+07:00DRIP IRRIGATION FREQUENCY FOR SUGARCANE IN THE TROPICS By <b>R. CRUZ, J.S. TORRES, I.C. FRAGOSO, </b><br />
<b>H. MESA and D. DELVASTO</b><br />
Cenicaña y Malimbu Sugarcane Plantation<br />
jrcruz@cenicana.org<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<br />
DRIP IRRIGATION was a system initially developed for desert areas where the sandy soils have<br />
low water retention capacity and rainfall is limited.<br />
In the Cauca River Valley, located in south-western Colombia, soils have a high<br />
water retention capacity and frequent irrigation results in excess moisture and poor root<br />
development, which affects crop development.<br />
The frequent application of water in the sugarcane soils of the Cauca River Valley<br />
results in excess soil water and little use of natural precipitation.<br />
The current study was conducted at the Malimbú Sugarcane Plantation, located in the<br />
driest area of the Cauca River Valley where annual precipitation is below 800 mm and soils<br />
are loamy to clayey in texture.<br />
The effect of irrigation frequency (daily, twice a week, weekly) was studied in dripirrigated plots. A gravity irrigation system was used as check.<br />
In three consecutive cuts (plant crop and two ratoons), sugarcane production in dripirrigated plots was 160 t/ha with daily irrigation (483 mm water applied), 165 t/ha when<br />
irrigated twice a week (356 mm water applied), and 166 t/ha when irrigated weekly (264 mm<br />
water applied).<br />
Gravity-irrigated cane produced 157 t/ha, with an average of 465 mm water applied.<br />
Average precipitation during the three cuts reached 984 mm.<br />
Results highlight the importance of taking advantage not only of the soil’s capacity to<br />
store available water but also of actual precipitation, scheduling the weekly drip irrigation of<br />
sugarcane fields in the Cauca River Valley without adversely affecting cane production.<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>KEYWORDS</b>: Drip Irrigation, Irrigation Schedule,<br />
Water Saving, Sugarcane Production, Colombia.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.issct.org/">www.issct.org</a><br />
<br />
Agricultural Engineering <b><i>Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010 </i></b>Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-78462402427568826562013-12-08T18:18:00.004+07:002013-12-08T18:18:57.272+07:00SOIL MOISTURE GROUPS FOR SUGARCANE MANAGEMENT By <b>J.S. TORRES</b> and <b>J.R. CRUZ </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
Colombian Sugarcane Research Center, Cenicaña<br />
jtorres@cenicana.org<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Abstract</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
CANE YIELD in Colombia is normally lower after wet years due to increased damage<br />
associated with harvest and the difficulty of post-harvest cultivation. The magnitude of the<br />
problem is impacted on by soil characteristics.<br />
To identify fields or areas requiring emphasis on irrigation or drainage and for the<br />
development of agronomic management packages, soil moisture management groups have<br />
been developed.<br />
The definition of soil moisture management groups is based on the annual balance<br />
between precipitation at 75% frequency level and soil permeability. The precipitation records<br />
from the sugarcane automatic weather network and the information from a recent detailed<br />
study of the soils of the Cauca River Valley of Colombia have been combined using the<br />
geographical information system to generate the spatial distribution of the soil moisture<br />
groups.<br />
Five groups were defined on the basis of the expected annual excess or deficit of<br />
water for sugarcane:<br />
• A first group with a water deficit.<br />
• A second group with an excess of water ranging from 0 to 200 mm/year.<br />
• A third group with an excess of 200 to 400 mm/year.<br />
• A fourth group with an excess of 400 to 600 mm/year.<br />
• A fifth group with an excess of water greater than 600 mm/year.<br />
These moisture groups have been used as a backbone for the agro-ecological zoning<br />
system of the sugarcane in the Cauca Valley of Colombia.<br />
The Colombian sugar industry is committed to use a site specific agriculture<br />
<br />
approach based on the combination of the production factors on each cane field.<br />
<br />
<b>KEYWORDS: </b>Soil, Moisture, Drainage,<br />
<br />
Permeability, Cane Management.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><a href="http://www.issct.org/">www.issct.org</a></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Agricultural Engineering <i>Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010</i></b>Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-11936291863690126842013-12-05T20:42:00.002+07:002013-12-05T20:42:11.575+07:00OPTIMAL USE OF BIOMASS IN AN ISOLATED ENVIRONMENT: CASE STUDY AT MIYAKO ISLAND, JAPAN By <b>YOSHIYUKI SHINOGI, TERUHITO MIYAMOTO, KOJI KAMEYAMA and CHEN YAN </b><br />
National Agricultural Research Organisation, Japan,<br />
National Institute for Rural Engineering<br />
yshinogi@affrc.go.jpi<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract </b><br />
<br />
THIS PAPERbriefly outlines an ongoing research project and some research outcomes<br />
focusing on sugarcane.<br />
Five research topics were identified, namely:<br />
1) development of technologies for farmland application of converted biomass from sugarcane molasses such as compost, char, digestive slurry and vinasse;<br />
2) clarification of optimal allocation of biomass and optimal operational conditions for conversion plants;<br />
3) development of groundwater conservation technologies with biomass, mainly focusing on nitrogen;<br />
4) development of technologies for introduction of energy crops and optimal CO2gas application to crops; and<br />
5) clarification of favourable conditions for sugar-ethanol by-production systems using greater-biomass sugarcane.<br />
Our target biomasses are bagasse and cattle wastes. Five conversion plants, including two pyrolysis, one composting, one bio-gas and one gasification, have already been installed<br />
to properly and effectively convert biomass. Farmland application technologies for char and digestive slurry with bagasse have mainly been studied.<br />
Also, vinasse (bio-ethanol by-product; distilled residue) is another biomass target.<br />
We analysed vinasse for return of by-products to the farmland as a way to achieve sustainability and devote efforts to the application of vinasse to farmland.<br />
Of course, safety to crops, the soil and water environment should be confirmed first.<br />
Previous experiments revealed vinasse does not have bad impacts on crop growth. Also, we<br />
conducted studies to clarify the favourable conditions for introduction of greater biomass sugarcane to develop sugar-ethanol by-production systems.<br />
A favourable new variety of sugarcane was previously selected. In addition, a sugaryield equation for great-biomass sugarcane was developed from observed data.<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>KEYWORDS</b>: Biomass, Refinery System, Conversion.<br />
<a href="http://www.issct.org/">www.issct.org</a><br />
Agricultural Engineering <b><i>Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010</i></b>Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-376479990833734472013-12-03T17:46:00.000+07:002013-12-03T17:46:05.361+07:00EFFICIENCY OF MECHANICAL CANE LOADING IN EGYPT By <b>HASSAN A. ABDEL-MAWLA </b><br />
Ag. Eng Dept., Coll. of Agric. Al-Azhar Univ., Assiut<br />
haamawla@yahoo.com<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract </b><br />
<br />
THE CANE growing area along the Nile valley in Upper Egypt has expanded. Most farmer<br />
holdings are small, typically ranging from 0.5 to 1 hectare. Cane delivery schedules and<br />
consequently harvesting dates mainly depend on the delivery allocation and the date of<br />
harvest last season. The mill administration assigns a transport vehicle (main vehicle) for<br />
each farmer according to the schedule. Farmer/s harvest and transport cane from inside field/s<br />
(using tractor-pulled-trailers) to temporary storage sites at which the main vehicle/s are<br />
loaded. Loader efficiency can be low due to time losses associated with travel from one<br />
storage site to another.<br />
To achieve reasonable efficiency of the loader, storage sites may be amalgamated<br />
allowing greater utilisation of loaders. Thisprocedure may increase the infield transport<br />
distance which may reduce the rate of cane supply from fields, thus contributing to increased<br />
cane delivery delay. Farmers may have to transport a part of the main vehicle load to the<br />
storage site the previous day to secure continuous operation of the loader. In this study,<br />
loader efficiency, loading rate, the percentage of main vehicle/s load/s delayed more than<br />
24 h and cane collection efficiency were studied. In most cases, one main vehicle is assigned<br />
to each farmer, where a trailer pulled by tractor is used to transfer cane from inside the field<br />
to the storage area. Results show that total efficiency of the loader was 75% in the case of<br />
loading lorries in a large storage area and 81%in the case of railway wagons loaded at a<br />
station.<br />
Average total efficiency of the loaderwas 61% when loading decauvelle wagons<br />
distributed in several storage areas within the same production region. Efficiency of loading<br />
tractor trailers in the field was 54%. Maximum efficiency was observed to be achieved if the<br />
loader works for the full operational day in one storage area. Cane collection efficiency was<br />
variable for the variable operating conditions. The percent of cane delayed more than 24 h<br />
was also estimated. Large temporary storage areas at which lorries are loaded with cane, and<br />
cane loading stations for railway wagons may represent more optimal conditions for loader<br />
operation. The paper discusses the efficiency ofloader operation under a range of variable<br />
conditions, and related cane delivery delay. The results highlight the role of loader operation<br />
efficiency as a factor determining the adoption of mechanical loading of sugarcane.<br />
Recommendations for the proper operation of a cane loader are suggested.<br />
<br />
<b>KEYWORDS</b>: Wholestalk Cane Loading, Cane Loader Efficiency,<br />
Sugarcane Transport Systems, Harvest Scheduling<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.issct.org/">www.issct.org</a><br />
<br />
Agricultural Engineering <b><i>Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010</i></b>Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-51031807423767999022013-12-03T17:34:00.002+07:002013-12-03T17:34:34.546+07:00MONITORING THE HARVESTING OF SUGARCANE AND GENERATION OF YIELD MAPS IN REAL TIMEBy <b>J.A. CARBONELL, C.A. OSORIO</b> and <b>J.M. RAMÍREZ </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Colombian Sugarcane Research Center, </b><br />
<b>CENICAÑA, A.A. 9138, Cali, Colombia, South America</b><br />
<b></b><br />
<b>jacarbonell@cenicana.org</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Abstract </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
IN A GIVEN area or plantation it is common to determine the variability in production that<br />
exists between harvested sugarcane fields or lots.<br />
The agroindustrial sugar sector in the Cauca River Valley of Colombia has<br />
appropriate mechanisms for determining and managing the variability of production among<br />
the cane lots, but it has not had sufficient alternatives for determining the variability within<br />
them.<br />
At present, the preharvest task of cutting the cane is done manually in most of the<br />
area, while the subsequent lifting of the stalks is done with self-driven equipment.<br />
CENICAÑA has developed a system that can beinstalled on the cane lifters, which records<br />
<br />
the weight of each bundle and its geographic position.<br />
The data are stored and transmitted by cell phone to a computer where they can be<br />
visualised for carrying out a precise monitoring of the harvest and generating yield maps.<br />
This work describes the structure of the system developed, the methodology for<br />
obtaining and transmitting the data, and how to interpret and analyse the yield maps.<br />
An analysis of a field harvest, for which it is known where there was fertilisation and<br />
where not, shows the value of each weight recorded.<br />
In this case, the best estimate of the production in the field is obtained by averaging<br />
the data from six consecutive bundles.<br />
Both the system for obtaining the data and the methodology for their analyses and the<br />
<br />
generation of yield maps can be implemented in other agricultural sectors.<br />
<br />
<b>KEYWORDS: Sugarcane, Precision Agriculture, Yield Mapping, </b><br />
<b></b><br />
<b>Wholestalk Weigh System, Harvest Monitoring. </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<a href="http://www.issct.org/">www.issct.org</a><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Agricultural Engineering Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010 </b><br />
<b></b><br />
<b>__________________________________________________________________________ </b>Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3493154008188204350.post-27331903689372673172013-11-29T05:57:00.001+07:002013-11-29T06:03:09.663+07:00SUSTAINABILITY IN SUGARCANE PROCESSING IN BRAZIL By <b>JAIME FINGUERUT</b><br />
CTC- Centro de Tecnologia Canavieira Cx. Postal 162 Piracicaba SP Brazil 13400-970<br />
jaime@ctc.com.br<br />
<br />
<b>Abstract </b><br />
<br />
SUSTAINABILITY involves the three ‘Ps’: People, Planet and Profit.<br />
Brazilian sugarcane is a sustainable industry that has made significant gains in its<br />
sustainability over the past 30 years.<br />
A typical mill today can process twice as much sugarcane with the same equipment<br />
and with approximately the same energy, maintenance, labour, water, etc., so that twice as<br />
much product can be produced.<br />
All residues are recycled back to sugarcane fields.<br />
The use of energy and chemicals in processing is also considerably reduced.<br />
The use of sugarcane bagasse, other carbohydrates from sugarcane, production of<br />
bioplastics and second and third generation biofuels represent new avenues for increased<br />
sustainability.<br />
The entire Brazilian sugarcane production chain has to be very well prepared for a<br />
more intense scrutiny of sustainability.<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>KEYWORDS</b>: Sustainability, Biofuels,<br />
Bioplastics, Residues, Productivity.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.issct.org/">www.issct.org</a><br />
<br />
Plenary - <b><i>Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010</i></b><br />
__________________________________________________________________________Hendro Santosohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14550057267299133305noreply@blogger.com0