A NEW FORMULATED SILICON FERTILISER FOR BETTER SUGARCANE PRODUCTION

ARIS TOHARISMAN, MUHAMAD MULYADI and ABDUL RASJID
Indonesian Sugar Research Institute
atoharis@yahoo.com

http://www.atamexico.com.mx/PDF/Abstract.pdf

ABSTRACT

 

 SILICON (Si) is an important beneficial element for sugarcane and is absorbed by sugarcane,
more than any other mineral nutrient.
Si is known to promote sugarcane yield, enhance resistance to biotic and abiotic
stresses, improve leaf and stalk erectness, and increase P availability.
A new Si fertiliser namely SiPlusHS was formulated from sugar mill boiler ash,
furnace slag, rock phosphate, zeolite, oxalic acid and humic substance.
It formed granules of 3–5 mm in diameter and contained 8–10% soluble Si, 10–12%
soluble phosphate and 3–5% humic substance.
The effectiveness of this fertiliser was tested under field conditions on irrigated and
non-irrigated sugarcane areas, covering areas of 1 and 2 ha, respectively.
The fertiliser was applied at the rate of 0, 250 and 500 kg/ha. Results showed that
application of 250 kg/ha SiPlusHS could increase cane yield from 2 to 52% and sugar yield
by as much as 15–58%.
There were no significant differences between applications of 250 kg/ha and
500 kg/ha SiPlusHS. In some areas, SiPlusHS could significantly decrease stem borer attacks.
Recently, this new silicon fertiliser has been tested on about 1000 ha in various
regions in Indonesia.

KEYWORDS: Silicon Fertiliser, Boiler Ash, Furnace Slag,
Humic Substance, Sugarcane Productivity.

Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010

DESIGNING, PRODUCING AND PROCESSING ‘ULTIMATE’ VARIETIES OF SUGARCANE

C. RICHARD, M. McKEE, R. TRICHE and M. GODSHALL 

Sugar Processing Research Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA
charley.richard@ars.usda.gov or charley@sugarjournal.com

Abstract

MANY sugar industries, beet and cane, would predict that in the future they will produce a 

wide range of products, which could include sugar. 

To realise this prediction, new varieties must be designed, production practices 

improved and alternative processing techniques developed. 

Sugarcane breeding and selection has moved far beyond the ‘old days’ of crossing 

the best parents and hoping to select the best segregate as a potential new variety. 

Modern breeding procedures and biotechnology offer greater efficiency. Typically, 

varieties are selected on the basis of high yield of sugar and characteristics important to 

agronomic production and pest resistance in each growing region. 

The typically measured juice quality characteristics of brix and pol along with 

tonnage, ratooning ability and fibre content can  predict yield of sugar per unit area. It is 

anticipated that the ‘ultimate’ variety of the future will involve much more detailed analysis 

than the typically measured characteristics. 

Once produced, high yielding varieties for various products need to be grown in a 

sustainable manner that provides maximum  production with minimal environmental and 

economic impact. 

Processing of these varieties will need to accommodate the specific product(s) being 

produced whether sugar, energy, some other product or some combination of these. 

To demonstrate the importance of quality characteristics of future varieties, the Sugar 

Processing Research Institute has investigated the presence of components that could either 

enhance or inhibit production of various products from sugarcane. 

Significant variability among and within species of sugarcane and related genera 

have been found for starch, polysaccharides, ash, cations, invert sugars and other parameters. 

This paper includes these data and the potential importance of these parameters in 

future varieties, its importance in a sustainable production system and its importance in 

processing needs. 

KEYWORDS: Sugarcane Varieties, Sugarcane Breeding,
Sugarcane Composition, Chromatographic Analysis, Alternative Products.

http://www.atamexico.com.mx/PDF/Abstract.pdf

RESPONSE OF NEW SUGAR CANE GENOTYPES IN SOUTHERN REGION OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

Khan Bahadar, Muhammad Rashid and Abdul Quddoos

Agricultural Research Station Serai Naurang (Bannu).

http://www.shakarganj.com.pk/research/psj/2012/psj_apr-jun_2012.pdf

ABSTRACT

The response of total seventy six new genotypes of sugar cane was studied in fifteen different trials at
Agricultural Research Station Serai Naurang (Bannu) during 2006-07 and 2007-08. Variety NSG-555,
S98CSSG-557 and Bannu-3 exhibited the highest significant and at par average cane yield of 121.10,
119.90 and 118.18 t per ha respectively. Variety S98CSSG-676 responded with maximum sugar recovery of 12.53 % closely followed by MS91CP-623, Bannu-3-having showing 12.34 and 12.17 % of sugar recovery. Variety Bannu-3 showed the highest sugar yield (14.10 t per ha) followed by S98 CSSG-709 producing average 13.34 and 12.64 t ha per ha of sugar yield.

Key words: Sugar cane varieties, yield, sugar potential.

RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF VINASSES FROM A MEXICAN BIOETHANOL FACTORY

D. CANTÚ-LOZANO1, M.V. VELÁZQUEZ MACARIO1, N.A. VALLEJO CANTÚ1,
M.A. MAURO2, V.L. DEL BIANCHI2 and J. TELIS-ROMERO2
1División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación-DEPI,
Instituto Tecnológico de Orizaba, Orizaba, México
2Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas-IBILCE,
Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José de Rio Preto, Brazil
dcantu@itorizaba.edu.mx

KEYWORDS: Rheology, Vinasses, Bioethanol,
Viscoelastic, Energy of Activation.

Abstract

THE KNOWLEDGE of the rheological behaviour of vinasses is very important for the operation
and design of a sugarcane bioprocess.
This study characterised rheological behaviour of residues from a bioethanol process
that uses final molasses as the carbohydrate source.
For this, we used a rotational rheometer Anton Paar MCR 301, concentric cylinder
system, Peltier plate for temperature control and software Rheoplus for date capture. The
temperature effect was compensated with an Arrhenius model, which measures the activation
energy of vinasses in the range 298–310 K.
The results showed an activation energy of 2.496 × 103 Cal/g-mol, a non-Newtonian
behaviour with viscoelastic characteristic, i.e. at low shear rate range (0–387 L/s) as fluid or
viscous (pseudo plastic) flow.
After this, there is an inflection point at high shear rate as solid or elastic flow
(dilatant), because the vinasses presented a material restructure.
This behaviour is due to the complex chemical composition of vinasse from final
molasses, which is a by-product of the sugarcane process.
To confirm this behaviour, it was compared with the rheological behaviour of vinasse
from sugarcane juice as the carbon source that showed a dilatant behaviour, i.e. as a fluid
flow.
These results showed that, depending on the substrate chemical composition
(complex/simple), similar rheological behaviour (complex/simple) is obtained.

Co-Products Posters Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010
http://www.atamexico.com.mx/PDF/Abstract.pdf

COMPARATIVE SUGARCANE CLONAL STUDIES AT ADVANCE NURSERY SELECTION STAGE

 *M. Zafar, Shafiq Ahmad, M. Azhar, M. S. Bashir, M. Walyat Ali Khan, Fayyaz Ahmad and A.  Ghaffar
* Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad

                                                                ABSTRACT

Comparative performance of 251 clones against standard variety CP77-400 was conducted in a non-replicated trial, having net plot size measuring 2.4 x 5 m. Keeping in view the desirable characters, 133
clones were selected and promoted to preliminary varietal trial while 47% clones were rejected due to undesirable characters. In general 2.39%, 5.58%, 11.15%, 4.78%, 2.78%, 5.58%, 5.18%, 2.79% and 6.77% clones were rejected because of poor growth, pithiness, low brix, aerial roots, cracks, sprouts, disease susceptibility, insect pest infestation and lodging, respectively.

Key words: clone, standard variety, trial, nursery, desirable character, pithiness, brix.

http://www.shakarganj.com.pk/research/psj/2012/psj_apr-jun_2012.pdf

A Look at the Relationship between Sugar Color and Grain Size

Marianne McKee, Ronnie Triche, Mary An Godshall, and Charley Richard, Sugar Processing Research Institute, Inc., New Orleans, LA, USA

                            ABSTRACT

Color is an important parameter indicating sugar quality.  SPRI has a long history in the examination of color of various types of sugar products.  It has shown that color of raw sugar changes over time during storage both in laboratory conditions as well as storage in the warehouse.  The objective of this study is to illustrate the importance of grain size in production of high quality raw sugar with good “storability.” Several raw sugars were collected from raw sugar factories and stored under laboratory conditions.  In this study of color during raw sugar storage, it was found that raw sugars with visually smaller crystals had a tendency to increase in color over time at a faster rate than sugars with larger crystals.  Additionally, it was observed that raw sugars with higher initial colors increased in color more than lower color raw sugars with identical storage conditions.  The sugars were also separated using a series to determine the grain size distribution of the raw sugars.  Various quality parameters were measured for the whole raw sugar as well as the various grain size portions of the sample.  Color increases in the raw sugar samples as grain size decreases.  Color over time, turbidity, ash, and starch in relation to grain size will also be discussed.  

Abstract for an oral presentation at the ASSCT – 42^nd Annual Joint Meeting, St. Pete Beach, FL on June 20-22, 2012 at the St. Pete Beach, FL, USA

Post-harvest Deterioration of Sugarcane

S. Solomon 

Received: 3 February, 2009; Accepted: 10 May, 2009

ABSTRACT

Sugarcane is a perishable commodity and must be processed into sugar quickly after it is harvested. Post harvest sucrose losses have been reported  from many cane producing countries and linked with low sugar recovery and several problems during sugar processing. Bio deterioration is associated with the inordinate delays between harvest to milling of sugarcane and aggravated by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors causing enormous depreciation in cane tonnage as well as sugar recovery. Besides harvest-to-mill delays, other factors such as ambient temperature, humidity, cane variety, period of storage, activities of invertases, maturity status etc. are responsible for decline in sugar recovery. The activity of invertases and proliferation of acid, ethanol and polysaccharides (dextran) producing microbes play a crucial role in the loss of recoverable sugars in cane and milled juice. In addition to loss in sugar recovery, its adverse affects has been noticed in the sugar manufacturing process and sucrose quality. Efforts have been made to reduce loss in tonnage and sucrose using physico-chemical methods. These include spraying of water, bactericidal solution, use of anti-inversion and anti-bacterial formulations and pre-harvest foliar and soil  application of zinc and mangnous compounds. An integrated mill sanitation program and simultaneous use of dextranase could further improve sugar recovery and minimize problems caused by dextran. The possibility of  electrolyzed water (EW) fogging  to reduce post harvest deterioration in field and mill yard has also been explored. Some of these methods are useful and present larger  options for the industry to minimize after-harvest quality losses in the field and milling tandem. 

Keywords  Post-harvest deterioration, acid invertase, dextran, commercial cane sugar, biocides, field control, dextranase

The Impact of Sugar Crop Composition on the Production of Sugar, Energy and By-Products,

Charley Richard¹, Marianne Mckee1, Ronnie Triche¹, Anna Hale² and Mary An Godshall¹,

¹Sugar Processing Research Institute, New Orleans, LA, Tel: 504-286-4343, Fax: 504-282-5387, Email: spri@ars.usda.gov  ²USDA-ARS Sugarcane Research Unit, Houma, LA

ABSTRACT

Previous data published by SPRI has demonstrated important compositional differences in juice samples from different harvest treatments as well as various species of Saccharum.  In breeding material around the world, varieties with extremely high levels of some of these parameters such as brix as well as fiber can be found.  Based on this variability, development of new varieties, development of sustainable production practices and improved processing techniques becomes important considerations for the future.  This paper describes some of these variables, their importance and the need for interdisciplinary communication as industries consider sugar production, energy production or production of other products.  It is theorized that similar differences may occur among various parameters for sugarbeets and sorghum and similar evaluations should be made in these potential energy and sugar crops.

Abstract for an oral presentation at the SPRI 2010 Conference on March 28-31, 2010, at the Iberville Suites/Ritz-Carlton Hotel, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA  

Study of Fluazifop Buthyl and Glyphosate Potassium as ripeners on PS 951 cane variety

Suyoto Hadisaputro *), Pudjiarso dan Catur Okariana
(Indonesian Sugar Research Institute Jl.Pahlawan 25 Pasuruan 67126)

ABSTRACT

Cane ripeners have been comercially used in Indonesian sugar industry. Recently, there are three new chemical products, such as: Fluazfop Buthyl 150 g/l product (FB-1), Fluazfop Buthyl 125 g/l product (FB-2) and Glyphosate Potassium 620 g/l product (GP), that potentially can be used to spur maturation of cane. In order to study a performance of the three chemicals as cane ripeners, at the Indonesian Sugar Research Institute (ISRI) Pasuruan was conducted efication research with use PS 951 as a cane variety tested. In this experiment was also studied Isoprophylamine Glyphosate (IG) as a standar recommended ripeners. The parameter observed were: (1) maturation factor (MF) and (2) components of juice qualities of cane, such as: brix, pol, purity, and sucrose content, (3) cane yield, (4) toxicity rate of cane to chemicals tested, and (5) growth performance of ratoon crop (RC). The results of the experiment showed that FB-1, FB-2 and GP were able to spur the maturation and increase juice quality of PS 951 cane variety tested, and it were similar with showed by IG on 0,80 l product/ha. All the chemicals tested, include IG, caused clorotic symptom on leaves and dead of growth point but it were not reduce the cane yield. Moreover, the poisoning symptoms on PC were not depressed the cane growth performance of RC. The significantly effect of the three chemicals tested as ripeners were found at 4-5 weeks after treatment (wat) and the effective dosage aplications were 0,60-0,90 l product/ha.

Key words: Cane ripeners, Fluazifop butyl 150 g/l product (FB-1), Fluazifop butyl 125 g/l product (FB-2), Glyphosate Potassium (GP), Isopro¬phyl¬amine glyphosate (IG), PS 951

Designing, Producing and Processing “Ultimate” Varieties of Sugarcane.

Richard, C., Mckee, M. Triche, R.D. and Godshall, M.A.

Sugar Processing Research Institute, Inc., 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, Email: ma.godshall@ars.usda.gov

Many sugar industries, beet and cane, would predict that in the future they will produce a wide range of products which could include sugar. To realize this prediction, new varieties must be designed, production practices improved and alternative processing techniques developed. Sugarcane breeding and selection has moved far beyond the "old days" of crossing the best parents and hoping to select the best segregate as a potential new variety. Modern breeding procedures and biotechnology offer greater efficiency. Typically, varieties are selected on the basis of high yield of sugar and characteristics important to agronomic production and pest resistance in each growing region. It is anticipated that the “ultimate” variety of the future will involve much more analysis than the typically measured juice quality characteristics of brix and pol which along with tonnage, stubbling ability and fiber content, can predict yield of sugar per unit area. Once produced, high yielding varieties for various products need to be grown in a sustainable manner that provides maximum production with minimal environmental and economic impact. Processing of these varieties will need to accommodate the specific product being produced whether sugar, energy or some other product. To demonstrate the importance of quality characteristics of future varieties, Sugar Processing Research Institute has investigated the presence of components that could either enhance or inhibit production of various products from sugarcane. Significant variability among and within species of sugarcane and related genera have been found for starch, polysaccharides, ash, cations, anions, organic acids and other parameters. This presentation includes this data and the potential importance of these parameters in future varieties, its importance in a sustainable production system and its importance in processing needs.

Abstract for an oral presentation at the ISSCT XXVII Congress in Veracruz, Mexico, March 7-11, 2010

Sugarcane Post-Harvest Residue Management in Temperate Climates

Authors

	VIATOR, RYAN
	JOHNSON, RICHARD
	Richard Jr, Edward

Submitted to: International Society of Sugarcane Technologist Agronomy Workshop
Publication Type: Abstract
Publication Acceptance Date: January 20, 2006
Publication Date: February 20, 2006
Citation: Viator, R।P., Johnson, R.M., Richard Jr, E.P. 2006. Sugarcane post-harvest residue management in temperate climates [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the International Society of Sugarcane Technologist Agronomy Workshop, May 23 - 26, 2006, Khon Kaen, Thailand, p. 8.

Technical Abstract: Retention of post-harvest residue can decrease cane yield by 4।5-13.5 t/ha in the temperate climate of Louisiana. A series of experiments was conducted to determine the physiological causes for this loss and to develop management practices to mitigate the effects of residue retention. Chemical extractions revealed the presence of benzoic acid in the residue, which reduced cane germination by 50% compared to the control (water only). Residue retention was also shown to decrease leaf area. Regression analysis showed that for every 1 t/ha of residue, sugar yields were decreased by 0.13 t/ha. Management research demonstrated that sugar and cane yield reductions were greater on third (12 and 10%) compared to second (4 and 1%) and first (3 and 2%) year ratoons. In prior research, residue retention lowered cane yield, which resulted in lower sugar yields. This study showed that both a decrease in cane yield and sucrose concentration caused lower sugar yields. Irrespective of ratoon age, mechanical removal to the wheel furrow proved similar to burning, and both removal methods increased cane yields over the control (no removal). Incorporation of residue once placed in the wheel furrow did not increase yield, but may aid in decomposition. Data indicated that across ratoons, residue should be removed when the crop becomes dormant (usually in January in Louisiana). If removal is delayed until the crop is actively growing (usually in March in Louisiana), mechanical removal is the only option because burning will result in an additional 11% reduction in sugar yield when compared to full retention. To conclude, sugarcane post-harvest residue has multiple detrimental physiological effects on sugarcane. Moreover, stubble age, soil type, method, and timing of removal should all be taken into account when making residue management decisions with priority payed to the older ratoons.

Research Project: NEW AND IMPROVED CULTURAL PRACTICES FOR SUSTAINABLE SUGARCANE PRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Location: Sugarcane Research Unit, Houma, LA

Green cane impact on sugar processing : ISSCT process workshop 2008

Steindl, Roderick J. (2010) Green cane impact on sugar processing : ISSCT process workshop 2008. In Hogarth, Mac & Knight, Peter (Eds.) Proceedings of the 27th International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists Congress, ISSCT , Veracruz, Mexico.

pending for publisher permission (PDF 217Kb) Published Version. Administrators only | Request a copy from author

Official URL: http://issct.intnet.mu/XXVIIcongmex.htm

Abstract

The ISSCT Process Section workshop held in Réunion 20–23 October 2008 was attended by 51 delegates from 10 countries. The theme was Green cane impact on sugar processing. The workshop provided a valuable and timely opportunity to review and discuss the impact on factory operations and performance from a green cane supply that could include significant levels of trash. It was particularly relevant to those mills that were considering options to boost their biomass intake for increased co-generation capacity. Several of the speakers related their experiences with processing ‘whole of crop’ cane supplies through the factory. Speakers detailed the problems and increased losses that were incurred when processing cane with high trash levels. The consensus of the delegates was that the best scenario would involve a cane-cleaning plant at the factory so that only clean cane would be processed through the factory. The forum recommended that more research was required to address the issues of increased impurities in the process streams associated with high trash levels. Site visits to the two factories and a cane-delivery station were arranged as part of the workshop.

Multi Function Equipment

Indonesian Sugar Research Institute (ISRI)

Multi Function Equipment (AMF) is one of cane cultivation implements able to support five activities in maintaining ratoon crops। This equipment is composed by five main components namely disc coulter, ratoon plater, subtiller, and cover flow tool on a frame, which supporting a series of power transmission। The AMF is installed on the back of tractor at its three point hitch. In general, this equipment is moved by hydraulic energy of the tractor but two components i.e. ratoon plater and fertilizer aplicator are powered by pto.

The benefit of the AMF is achieving the standard of maintaining ratoon crops to obtain high sugarcane production। Using mechanization, the standard of maintaining ratoon crops needs 4-5 units of tractor and 4-5 units of equipment. Normally, one unit of the AMF to maintain ratoon crops uses only one unit of tractor. It means the AMF can save investment for equipment.