By N. AGUILAR R., A. CASTILLO M., A. HERRERA S.,
D. A. RODRÍGUEZ L. and J.MURGUIA G.
Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Córdoba Veracruz México Tel.: (52) 271 71 6 73 92 naguilar@uv.mx
KEYWORDS: Sugarcane Biomass, Diversification, Mushroom, Pulp And Paper, Fermentable Sugar.
Abstract
THE ACTUAL PROCESS of sugar and ethanol production in Mexico only uses the carbohydrates in the sugarcane juice and molasses. The remaining material, trash, bagasse and pith, constitutes the lignicellulosic byproducts (biomass) of this industry. In this work, three production alternatives were investigated: edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, pulp and paper and fermentable sugar productions from sugarcane biomass. The characterisation of byproducts was carried out according to AOAC test. For the case of mushroom production, sugarcane trash and a 50:50 mixture of trash and bagasse showed the highest yields (biological efficiencies) of 106% and 103% respectively. For acid hydrolysis, trash samples generated in the local industry were used. Several tests were performed to obtain the maximum production of fermentable sugars using diluted H2SO4at concentration level of 1.0%, temperatures (80–160°C) and hydrolysis times (0 to 330 minutes). A pseudo first-order kinetic model was developed to explain the hydrolysis from sugarcane
trash using sulfuric acid. In the last alternative, bagasse pulping and ECF Bleaching (elementary chlorine free) were analysed in detail using TAPPI standards to establish the optimum pulping conditions for this lignocellulosic material.
Source
http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Aguilar%20R,%20PRODUCTIVE%20DIVERSIFICATION%20FROM%20SUGARCANE%20LIGNOCELLULOSIC%20BYPRODUCTS.pdf
Wednesday, January 25, 2017
PRODUCTIVE DIVERSIFICATION FROM SUGARCANE LIGNOCELLULOSIC BYPRODUCTS
BUTANOL PRODUCTION FROM SUGARCANE JUICES
By M. KIM and D.F. DAY
Audubon Sugar Institute, LSU Agricultural Center, La. USA
dday@agcenter.lsu.edu
KEYWORDS: Butanol, Fermentation, Sugar Juices, Biomass.
Abstract
BUTANOLis an aliphatic saturated alcoholwith the molecular formula of C4H9OH, which can be used as a transportation fuel, an intermediate and a solvent for a wide variety of chemical applications. The acetone-butanol fermentation was the standard for industrial production of solvents until the 1950s. Modern microbiological techniques have improved the original organism such that it produces high levelsof butanol rather than mixed solvents. Butanol has many advantages as an alternative fuel source; 1) a higher energy content, 2) usable in existing pipelines, 3) easy to blend with gasoline. Butanol can be produced fromsugarcane juice, molasses or sugars from bagasse hydrolysates using a strain of Clostridium beijerinckii.Sugarcane juice and molasses
ferment directly to butanol. The yield ofbutanol was 0.30 g/g sugar from molasses and 0.34 g/g sugar from juice whereas equivalent sucrose concentrations produced 0.27g butanol per g sugar. Details of the economics for a viable production of butanol from sugarcane products are presented.
Source
http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Kim,%20BUTANOL%20PRODUCTION%20FROM%20SUGARCANE%20JUICES.pdf
Friday, January 20, 2017
THE YEASTS, THEIR ECONOMIC, TECHNOLOGICAL AND DIVERSIFICATION POTENTIAL—PRESENT AND FUTURE
By OSCAR A. ALMAZAN(1), MIGUEL A. OTERO-RAMBLA(1), JORGE R. WAGNER(2) and ISABEL GUERRERO-LEGARRETA(3)
1Cuban Institute for Research on Sugarcane By-Products (ICIDCA), Cuba
2National University of Quilmes (UNQ), Argentina
3Autonomous Metropolitan University, Iztapalapa Unit (UAMI), Mexico
oscar.almazan@icidca.edu.cu
KEYWORDS: Yeasts, Technologies, Nutrition, Flavour, Enhancers, Proteins, Pollution.
Abstract
ABRIEFlook at the way yeasts and human beings met in ancient times, as well as an analysis of the primary and marginal yeastssuch as baker’s yeast, fodder yeast from different agro-industrial residues, beer production, etc., with the possible alternatives for upgrading, are presented. The analysis of the yeasts propagation, as an established technology for the dramatic reduction of the polluting potential of distillery slops, with
the simultaneous synthesis of a high quality fodder protein concentrate, as well as the evaluation of yeasts as a source of human nutrition complements, flavour enhancers, specific proteins and amino acids, organic pigments, plus the evaluation of the uses of the functional and thermal properties of yeasts, will complete the scope of this paper.
Source http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Almazan,%20THE%20YEASTS,%20THEIR%20ECONOMIC,%20TECHNOLOGICAL%20AND%20DIVERSIFICATION%20POTENTIAL-%20PRESENT%20AND.pdf
Wednesday, January 18, 2017
IRON MEDIATED CLARIFICATION AND DECOLOURISATION OF SUGARCANE JUICE
By L.R. MADSEN II and D.F. DAY
Louisiana State UniversityAgricultural Center Audubon Sugar Institute, St. Gabriel, La. 70776 Lmadsen@agctr.lsu.edu
KEYWORDS: Colour, Removal, Clarification, Iron.
Abstract
IN ORDER TOoperate most profitably, the sugar producers in Louisiana wish to engage in a cooperative arrangement with the sugar refineries. Because the sugar refinery is an industrial scale decolouriser that operates using natural gas as fuel, it makes sense that sugar with less colour, produced using bagasse-power, would likely have greater profit margins. The removal of phenolic colorants from raw juice using native cane protein as a vehicle and Fe3+ as an oxidative catalyst was studied. Colour was removed as phenolprotein conjugates which rapidly precipitated with the addition of a cationic flocculant. The decanted juice was clarified via cold-liming. The treatment yielded clarified juice with up to 70% lower colour than hot-liming juice. It appears that the phenolics were oxidised by Fe3+ which engaged a REDOX cycle yielding quinoid species. The free N-ε amino groups of lysine in the albuminoid proteins appeared to add to the quinones. Stoichiometry indicated a degree of polymerisation of eight. Oligomer formation ceased at this length which appeared sufficient to facilitate irreversiblecross-linking and/or capping of the protein. The aggregates of iron, lignol(s) and protein were insoluble and precipitated. The process was tested in a 150 L settling clarifier which was operated in both pulsed and continuous modes. The method scaled well and the product juice exhibited 50–60% less colour than a cold-limed control when Fe3+ was applied in quantities ranging from 100–200 mg/L.
Source http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Madsen,%20IRON%20MEDIATED%20CLARIFICATION%20AND%20DECOLOURISATION%20OF%20SUGARCANE%20JUICE.pdf
ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH USING TRASH AS A COGENERATION FUEL
Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane g.kent@qut.edu.au
KEYWORDS: Trash, Whole Crop, Harvest,
Transport, Process, Recovery.
Abstract
CONSIDERABLE WORK HAS been undertaken to determine an economical process to provide sugarcane trash as a fuel for cogeneration. This paper reviews efforts to provide that trash fuel by harvesting, transporting and processing the trash with the cane. Harvesting trash with the cane has the advantage that cane that would otherwise be lost by extracting it with the trash is captured and sugar can be produced from that cane.Transporting trash with the cane significantly reduces the bulk density of the cane, requiring substantial changes and costs to cane transport. Shredding the trash at the harvester and compacting the cane in the bin prior to transport are possible methods to increase the bulk density but both have considerable cost. Processing trash through the sugar factory with the cane significantly reduces sugar recovery and sugar quality.
Although considerable knowledge has been gained of these effects and further analysis has provided insights into their causes, much more work is required before whole crop harvesting and transport is an economically viable means of trash recovery.
Factory Processing Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 28, 2013
Thursday, January 12, 2017
A NEW FORMULATED SILICON FERTILISER FOR BETTER SUGARCANE PRODUCTION
By ARIS TOHARISMAN, MUHAMAD MULYADI and ABDUL RASJID
Indonesian Sugar Research Institute
atoharis@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: Silicon Fertiliser, Boiler Ash, Furnace Slag,
Humic Substance, Sugarcane Productivity.
Abstract
SILICON(Si) is an important beneficial element for sugarcane and is absorbed by sugarcane, more than any other mineral nutrient. Si is known to promote sugarcane yield, enhance resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, improve leaf and stalk erectness, and increase P availability. A new Si fertiliser namely SiPlusHS was formulated from sugar mill boiler ash, furnace slag, rock phosphate, zeolite, oxalic acid and humic substance. It formed granules of 3–5 mm indiameter and contained 8–10% soluble Si, 10–12% soluble phosphate and 3–5% humic substance. The effectiveness of this fertiliser was tested under field conditionson irrigated and non-irrigated sugarcane areas, covering areas of 1 and 2 ha, respectively. The fertiliser was applied at the rate of 0, 250 and 500 kg/ha. Results showed that application of 250 kg/ha SiPlusHS could increase cane yield from 2 to52% and sugar yield by as much as 15–58%. There were no significant differences between applications of 250 kg/ha and 500 kg/ha SiPlusHS.
In some areas, SiPlusHS could significantly decrease stem borer attacks. Recently, this new silicon fertiliser has beentested on about 1000 ha in various regions in Indonesia.
Source
http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Toharisman,%20A%20NEW%20FORMULATED%20SILFERTILISER%20FOR%20BETTER%20SUGARCANE%20PRODUCTION.pdf
SUGARCANE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER—STRATEGIES FOR THE NEXT DECADE
By ALVARO AMAYA
Colombian Sugarcane Research Center, CENICANA, Cali, Colombia
aamaya@cenicana.org
KEYWORDS: Research Challenges,
Multidisciplinary Research, Sustainability.
Abstract
AGRONOMICchallenges required for the decades ahead will focus on (1) research and technology transfer based on multidisciplinary approaches; (2) a transition from production-oriented models to consumer-driven systems; and (3) developments that promote sustainability and concerns for environmental issues. A multidisciplinary approach ensures that scientists, growers and factory engineers are aware of the contributions of other disciplines, rather than isolated, individual efforts. This requires not a narrowly focused ‘specialist’, but rather someone with a ‘special’ interest in various disciplines, whose wide vision could make integrated contributions to developing a true Renaissance in sugar industries. The transition to a consumer-driven model requires the identification of new priorities. Technologies for sugar production will remain a priority, but greater emphasis must be directed towards technologies for using sugarcane for energy production and for value-added products. In the case of energy production, the use of sugarcane has beenpossible because of the availability of
proven technologies, interest from investors, governmentregulation and consumer demand. For value-added products, the challenge for scientists lies not just in concrete research outputs, as has been the case for sugar production. Their skills for knowledge management and the vision to transfer their achievements, open new markets and generate interest in funding new research must be strengthened. Sustainability and environmental protection will continue playing a role in future research, both in the field and in factory processes. Climate changeis on the agenda ofchallenges that agronomists and their allied specialists must address in the design and management of future production systems. The prospective use of sugarcane as a source of bioenergy to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere offers an opportunity for scientists, investors and consumers to work together on sustainability and environmental protection. Research achievements and projections inthe sugar industry worldwide, reported in the literature as well as by the Colombian sugar industry, are used to illustrate these strategies.
Source http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Amaya,%20SUGARCANE%20RESEARCH%20AND%20TECHNOLOGY%20TRANSFER%20-%20STRATEGIES%20FOR%20THE%20NEXT%20DECADE.pdf
DEMONSTRATION OF CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM SUGARCANE BAGASSE IN AUSTRALIA: THE MACKAY RENEWABLE BIOCOMMODITIES PILOT PLANT
By I.M. O’HARA, L.A. EDYE, W.O.S. DOHERTY and G.A. KENT
Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
i.ohara@qut.edu.au
KEYWORDS: Lignocellulose, Bioethanol,
Biorefinery, Biocommodities, Pilot Plant.
Abstract
THE READYavailability of sugarcane bagasse at an existing industrial facility and the potential availability of extra fibre through trash collection make sugarcane fibre the best candidate for early stage commercialisation of cellulosic ethanol technologies. The commercialisation of cellulosicethanol technologies in the sugar industry requires both development of novel technologies and the assessment of these technologies at a precommercial scale. In 2007, the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) received funding from the Australian and Queensland Governments to construct a pilot research
and development facility for the production of bioethanol and other renewable
biocommodities from biomass including sugarcane bagasse. This facility has been built on the site of the Racecourse Sugar Mill in Mackay, Queensland and is known as the Mackay Renewable Biocommodities Pilot Plant (MRBPP). This research facility is capable of processing cellulosic biomass by a variety of pretreatment technologies and includes equipment for enzymatic saccharification, fermentation and distillation to produce ethanol. Lignin and fermentation co-products can also be produced in the pilot facility.
Source http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20O%20Hara,%20DEMONSTRATION%20OF%20CELLULOSIC%20ETHANOL%20PRODUCTION%20FROM%20SUGARCANE%20BAGASSE%20IN%20AUSTRALIA%20T.pdf
Tuesday, June 23, 2015
Rise and fall of Indonesian sugar industry
Friday, June 27, 2014
CONCEPTS AND VALUE OF THE NITROGEN GUIDELINES CONTAINED IN THE AUSTRALIAN SUGAR INDUSTRY’S ‘SIX EASY STEPS’ NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
By B.L. SCHROEDER(1), A.P. HURNEY(2), A.W. WOOD(3), P.W. MOODY(4) and P.G. ALLSOPP(5).
BSES Limited,
(1) Bundaberg,
(2) Tully,
(5) Indooroopilly
(3) CSR Sugar, Macknade
(4) Queensland DERM, Indooroopilly
bschroeder@bses.org.au
KEYWORDS: Sugarcane, Nitrogen Management Guidelines, Validation, Value.
Abstract
THE AUSTRALIAN sugar industry currently faces unprecedented scrutiny of its use of nutrients
due to initiatives to protect the Great Barrier Reef from excess nutrients and sediment from
agricultural activities along the Queensland coast. However, this quest needs to be viewed in
conjunction with the need for a sustainable sugarcane industry.
A comprehensive program for nutrient management (the SIX EASY STEPS
program) has been developed recently for the Australian sugar industry. It replaces the
previous general guidelines that did not differentiate between regions or soil types and lacked
precision. The new system supports profitable and sustainable sugarcane production,
enhances environmental awareness, and is consistent with best practice.
The paper summarises the alternative N management strategies that occur within the
Australian sugar industry. It describes best-practice nutrient management and the concepts
that underpin the SIX EASY STEPS program, and explains the principles of the N
management guidelines used within the SIX EASY STEPS program and link this to N use
efficiency. It also assesses the value of the SIX EASY STEPS N management guidelines.
Trial results presented indicate that the SIX EASY STEPS N guidelines are robust and much
more in line with the concept of sustainability than any of the other strategies considered.
Calculation of the target N-use efficiency factors across the full range of SIX EASY
STEPS N guidelines, especially when all possible sources of N within the soil/plant
environment are included, strengthens the SIX EASY STEPS as an appropriate and fully
comprehensive nutrient management package. This is confirmed by the results of the
economic analyses of data from both small plot experiments and commercially-based
replicated strip trials conducted on-farm.
www.issct.org
Agronomy- Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010
__________________________________________________________________________
Saturday, May 31, 2014
USE OF VINASSE FOR SOIL RECLAMATION AND ITS IMPACT ON ELEMENTAL LOADS IN VERTISOL SOIL AND GROUNDWATER
By MARCO ANTONIO GIRON TEJADA
Imecol S.A.
magiron@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS: Vinasse, Sugarcane, Soil,
Groundwater, Soil Reclamation.
Abstract
ASTUDYwas carried out to evaluate the contamination of soils and groundwater through the
use of vinasse in the reclamation of saline soilswith trace elements such as Fe, Cu, Mn and
Zn to sugarcane soils.
The soils at the experimental site were located in the flat area of Valle del Cauca,
Colombia and consisted of the Vertisols of the Galpón series characterised with a loam clay
texture and problems of salinity and sodicity.
Vinasse containing 10% total solids was applied at the rate of 1500 m3/ha. The trace
element contents in the soil increased compared to their initial values but did not reach levels
that are considered as deleterious to the soils.
Similarly, the concentration of trace elements in groundwater was not significantly
increased and remained below the threshold values according to the Colombian
Environmental Legislation.
In conclusion, in this type of soil there were no contamination problems with heavy
elements in soil and groundwater from the application of vinasse with 10% solids on the
reclamation of saline soils.
www.issct.org
Agronomy - Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010
__________________________________________________________________________
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SEED DEPTH, THICKNESS OF TRASH BLANKET AND HERBICIDE TREATMENTS ON EMERGENCE OF VINE WEEDS IN SUGARCANE
By A. GAUNGOO, S. SEERUTTUN and C. BARBE
Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
sseeruttun@msiri.intnet.mu
Abstract
VINE weeds are appearing more frequently in sugarcane fields, particularly with the
increasing adoption of green cane trash blanketing (GCTB). Current control measures are not
effectively providing adequate control of these weeds.
A project to develop strategies for managing vine weeds has been initiated and
included three trials studying the factors influencing emergence of three Ipomoeaspecies
sown in trays. In the first trial, seeds of I. trilobaand I. obscurawere found to emerge at
depths beyond 8 cm while germination of I. nilwas reduced at seed depths greater than 4 cm.
In the second trial, emergence of the three vine species was found to be unaffected by
a trash layer of 5 cm whereas a significant reduction was observed as trash thickness was
increased to 10 cm. An interaction between depth of the vine seed and thickness of trash layer
was also noted; i.e. emergence of seeds at depths between 2 and 4 cm was reduced by more
than 75% when covered by a trash layer of 10 cm.
In the third trial, six pre-emergence herbicide treatments namely atrazine, atrazine +
hexazinone, sulfentrazone, amicarbazone, trifloxysulfuron + ametryn, and diclosulam were
tested for their efficacy against I. trilobasown at soil depths of 2, 6 and 10 cm. At 6 weeks
after spraying (WAS), irrespective of seeddepth, all herbicide treatments provided
satisfactory control. The interaction betweenherbicide treatment and seed depth was
significant at 12 WAS; irrespective of sowing depths, only sulfentrazone provided less than
5% germination over a period of 18 WAS.
These results indicate that both thickness of the trash layer and choice of the
herbicide treatment should be taken into consideration in the development of strategies to
control vines in sugarcane under GCTB.
www.issct.org
Agronomy - Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010
__________________________________________________________________________
Wednesday, May 28, 2014
LUMAX ® : AN ALTERNATIVE TO ATRAZINE FOR PRE- AND POST-EMERGENCE CONTROL OF WEEDS IN SUGARCANE
By S. SEERUTTUN, C. BARBE and A. GAUNGOO
Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
sseeruttun@msiri.intnet.mu
Abstract
ATRAZINEhas successfully been used for more than 40 years in various tank-mixes for both
pre- and post-emergence control of weeds in sugarcane. However, the product is banned in
the EU for environmental reasons. Lumax®, consisting of three active ingredients namely mesotrione (0.0375 kg a.i./L), terbutylazine (0.125 kg a.i./L) and s-metolachlor (0.375 kg a.i./L), has been evaluated as a
substitute for atrazine in Mauritius in 10 field trials in both plant and ratoon sugarcane. Lumax® at rates varying between 3.5 and 5.0 L/ha proved effective on a wide spectrum of broad-leaved weeds and some grasses, including Digitaria horizontalis. In general, Lumax® was superior to the standard s-metolachlor + atrazine and comparable to the tank-mixes tebuthiuron + atrazine and oxyfluorfen + diuron.
In post-emergence of weeds, although Lumax® tank-mixed with 2,4-D amine salt showed a better control of weeds than atrazine tank-mixed with s-metolachlor + 2,4-D amine salt, it was slightly inferior to the other standards containing hexazinone or tebuthiuron. In all situations, Lumax® provided a residual activity varying between 10 and 12 weeks and showed no phytotoxicity on the various sugarcane varieties tested. Lumax®
has been recommended as an alternative to atrazineat rates varying between 4.0 and 5.0 L/ha.
KEYWORDS: Mesotrione, Terbuthylazine,
S-Metolachlor.
Agronomy- Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010
www.issct.org
visit : www.issct.org/congress2016.html
STRATEGIES FOR THE OPTIMAL USE OF NITROGEN FERTILISERS IN THE SUGARCANE CROP IN GUATEMALA
By
O. PEREZ (1), C. UFER(2), V. AZAÑON(3) and E. SOLARES(4)
1 Guatemalan Sugarcane Research and Training Centre -CENGICAÑA- Guatemala
Km. 92.5 Carretera a Santa Lucía Cotzumalguapa, Escuintla, Guatemala
2 Pantaleon Corporation Sugar Mill
3 La Unión Sugar Mill
4 Magdalena Sugar Mill
operez@cengicana.org
Abstract
THE OBJECTIVE of this work is to present practical criteria that will help sugarcane growers to
optimise their investment in nitrogen fertilisers in the sugarcane crop in Guatemala.
The importance of this objective is in relation to the general increase of fertiliser
price and particularly of nitrogen fertiliser.
The criteria are based on knowledge of crop response to N application in the region
after 14 years of experience in research on the topic.
Crop N response is a function of cane yield, soil fertility, crop age or crop cycle and
other variables associated with agronomical practices and soil condition.
As a result, N rate used in sugar mills’fertilisation programs can be adjusted by
comparing the current relation of kg of nitrogen per tonne of cane (N:TC), with reference
ratios recommended for different soils according to organic matter content (OM) and other
factors. Besides, N rates must be adjusted to fertiliser and sugar price for different production
groups. As an alternative to reduce dependence onnitrogen fertilisers, there are practices that
must be taken into account and be optimised in the short term. These practices consist of usage of species of green manure adapted to the intercropping system, the use of co-products and, in the mid and long term, there is potential for N biological fixation in the sugarcane crop.
KEYWORDS: Nitrogen, Optimisation, Green Manure, N Biological Fixation.
Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010
www.issct.org
visit : http://www.issct.org/congress2016.html
__________________________________________________________________________
Wednesday, January 8, 2014
DIVERSIFICATION OF SUGARCANE VARIETIES FOR CATTLE FEED AND SUSTAINABILITY
By H. JORGE, O. SUÁREZ, H. GARCÍA, I. JORGE and L. BENITEZ
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones dela Caña de Azúcar, Habana. Cuba
hector@inica.minaz.cu
Abstract
THE PAPER reports results of a study of 44 sugarcane genotypes, evaluated as cattle feed, at
13 months of age, in the first ratoon crop, at Villa Clara–Cienfuegos Territorial Sugar Cane
Research Station and the Sancti Spiritus National Breeding Center in Cuba.
Fourteen traits were evaluated by means of multivariate analyses (Principal
Components and Discriminant Function), and also a simulation was conducted of agroecological regionalisation for the allocation of the sugarcane varieties according to the main
limiting factors (drought and poor drainage) on a cattle producing farm.
Results showed that the variables, percentageof stalk fresh weight (% of stalks) and
of tops (% of tops), had high influence in the first principal component, whereas the genetic
disease (smut and rust) resistance had high influence in the second component. It should be
pointed out that the percentage of digestibility of the dry matter showed very little variability,
which indicates a high stability of this trait.
The Discriminant Function Analysis allowed classification of cultivars into three
groups: varieties of low forage value (below 40% digestibility of the dry matter), varieties of
intermediate forage value (between 40–50%) and varieties of high forage value (above 50%
digestibility).
Results allowed the recommendation of 21 new genotypes, characterised by their
resistance to main diseases and their high foragevalue, and nine were superior to the control
My5514, four suitable for waterlogging stress and three for drought stress.
The simulation of the agro-ecological regionalisation enabled spatial location and
modelling for the appropriate establishment of individuals, in agreement to their digestibility,
tolerance to the two environmental stresses (waterlogging and drought) and their disease
resistance.
KEYWORDS: Cattle Feed, Digestibility,
Dry Matter, Soils, Abiotic Stress.
www.issct.org
http://www.issct.org/congress2016.html
Agronomy - Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010
Saturday, January 4, 2014
A SUSTAINABLE FERTILISATION PROGRAM FOR A SUGAR FACTORY IN MEXICO: A PRINCIPLE FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE
By S. SALGADO GARCÍA, D.J. PALMA-LÓPEZ, J. ZAVALA-CRUZ,
L.C. LAGUNES-ESPINOZA, M. CASTELÁN-ESTRADA,
C.F. ORTIZ-GARCÍA, J.F. JUÁREZ-LÓPEZ, O. RUIZ-ROSADO,
L. ARMIDA-ALCUDIA and J.A. RINCÓN-RAMÍREZ
Colegio de Postgraduados – Campus Tabasco
Apdo.Postal 24. 86500 Cárdenas, Tabasco, México
salgados@colpos.mx
Abstract
THIS WORK was carried out to determine site-specific fertiliser application rates for the
different types of soil in which sugarcane is cultivated in the sugar factory ‘Presidente Benito
Juárez’ in Mexico.
Cartographic soil subunits were identified through interpretation of aerial
photographs, field observations, and soil sampling toa depth of 1.2 m. In each subunit, the
agrologic profiles were described, and physical and chemical analyses were done to classify
the soil according to the World Soil Map. Fertilisation rates (FR) of N, P2O5, and K2O for
each soil subunit were estimated using a conceptual model. This model is based on the
balance of nutrient demand of the crop, nutrients supplied by the soil, and fertiliser
efficiency. To estimate demand, dry matter production and N, P, and K accumulation of the
sugarcane aerial biomass were determined. P and K supply was calculated from the results of
soil chemical analysis, plus the N contributions from crop residues and their management.
Three major soil groups were found and classified as subunits. The FR for each soil
subunit were (N, P2O5, K2O kg/ha): 120–60–80 for Cambisol Fluvic (Eutric Clayic),
Cambisol Endogleyic (Clayic Eutric) and Cambisol Stanic (Clayic Eutric); 120–70–80 for
Cambisol Endogleyic Stanic (Eutric Ferric) and Gleysol Haplic (Eutric Clayic); 160–80–80
for Vertisol Gleyic Stanic (Eutric); and 120–80–80 for Vertisol Stanic (Eutric).
Fertiliser rates were adjusted based on the expected sugarcane yields for each soil
subunits and soil fertility maintenance. We alsogenerated a map of FR for each sugarcane
field to allow producers to locate the relevant rate.
KEYWORDS: Saccharum officinarum, Fertiliser Recommendation,
Precision Agriculture, Conceptual Model.
www.issct.org
Agronomy Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010
Monday, December 30, 2013
MONITORING SUGARCANE CROPS IN THE CAUCA RIVER VALLEY (COLOMBIA), USING MODIS SATELLITE IMAGES
By CAP.J. MURILLO, C.A. OSORIO, J.A. RBONELL and A.E. PALMA
CENICAÑA, Colombia
pjmurillo@cenicana.org; jacarbonell@cenicana.org
Abstract
MODIS product MOD13Q1 was used to monitor the sugarcane crop, using an enhanced
vegetation index in the Cauca River Valley for a time series from 2000–2006.
The product consists of images taken every 16 days (pixel size of 250 × 250 m),
which makes it possible to work withfields larger than 6.25 ha.
A methodology was developed for downloading, cutting, filtering and laying out the
time series of the vegetation indices on Internet for the entire area planted with sugarcane.
The relation between the time series and the information on crop establishment and
harvesting of the fields indicated that the satellite data were consistent with the phenology of
the sugarcane crop.
Similarly, there was a high correlation between the cumulative vegetation index and
cane production.
Low index values were associated with low values of tonnes of cane per hectare;
whereas high index values meant high production values.
KEYWORDS: Sugarcane, Yield Forecasting, MODIS,
Enhanced Vegetation Index, Time Series.
www.issct.org
Agricultural Engineering Posters Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010
Tuesday, December 24, 2013
STUDY ON FARMLAND APPLICATION OF VINASSE FROM SUGARCANE MOLASSES
By CHEN YAN and SHINOGI YOSHIYUKI
National Agricultural Research Organisation
305-8609 2-1-6, Kannondai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
Abstract
DURING bio-ethanol production from sugarcane molasses, large amounts of vinasse, which is
strongly acidic with high COD and BOD, is produced as a by-product. Disposal of vinasse is
one restrictive problem for sustainable bio-ethanol production.
In this study, possible application of vinasseto farmland was investigated. First, the
staple characteristics of vinasse were determined. Second, availability of nutrients such as
nitrogen and potassium to crops and dynamics inthe soil environment were studied in the
laboratory and, thirdly, crop growth experiments were carried out in the field.
In conclusion,
1) potassium is the most common nutrient in vinasse;
2) large amounts of chloride are also present;
3) high COD and pigment from rind of sugarcane were also observed.
Farmland application of vinasse as a substitutefor one third of the potassium showed
no significant damage to the growthof red-radishes and tomatoes.
When large amounts of vinasse are applied to farmland as a substitution for the
nitrogen in traditional chemical fertilisers, nitrogen deficiency symptoms, especially
immediately after application, are expected.
In addition, it is necessary to take into consideration the leaching of ions and the
pigment in the vinasse for proper timing of application and soil conditions.
KEYWORDS: Sugarcane Molasses, Pigment,
Incubation Test, Tomato and Radish Cultivation.
www.issct.org
Agricultural Engineering Posters Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010
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Monday, December 16, 2013
SUGARCANE MECHANISATION FOR PROFITABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
By C. NORRIS(1), P. LYNE(2) and K. CHOONHAWONG(3)
1 Booker Tate Ltd, Masters Court, Church Rd, Thame, Oxon OX93FA UK.
2 SASRI, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, South Africa
3 Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
Chris.Norris@Booker-Tate.co.uk
Abstract
THE PAPER summarises the findings compiled from contributions of the committee members
and from the proceedings of the International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (ISSCT)
Agricultural Engineering Section Workshop held between 3rd and 5th of March 2009 at The
University Centre, Kamphaeng Saen Campus atNakhon Pathom of the Kaestart University,
Thailand.
The opening addresses gave an excellent overview of the Thailand industry, which
globally is the second largest exporter of sugar,and has over 80% of its farms of less than
20 ha in size.
The industry is in a stage of rapid development, with appropriate mechanisation for
small growers being a significant issue.
The demand for by-products such as ethanol are significant catalysts for the growth
of the industry.
The presentations were grouped under the general headings of Machinery and
Mechanisation and Management and Logistics, with a focus on mechanisation associated
with smaller operations.
The field visits associated with the workshop focused on the very significant
development which is occurring in appropriatemechanisation for small and medium size
growers, as well as the integration of rotation crops with sugarcane and irrigation systems
used.
In the workshopping sessions, a wide range of issues were discussed, ranging from
Crop Production to the Environment. Miller–Grower ‘Politics’ and Health & Safety issues
were also seen as issues which could be addressed, with discussion on the potential of ISSCT
sanctioning various training courses. Overall, the most significant issue seen to be facing the
industry was logistics and cost of cane transport from the field to the mill.
Thailand represented an excellent venue for the workshop, because of its rapid
growth and the market driven development of appropriate mechanisation for small growers.
KEYWORDS: Sugarcane, Mechanisation,
Green Cane Harvesting, Small Growers, Sustainability.
www.issct.org
Agricultural Engineering Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010
__________________________________________________________________________
Monday, December 9, 2013
DRIP IRRIGATION FREQUENCY FOR SUGARCANE IN THE TROPICS
By R. CRUZ, J.S. TORRES, I.C. FRAGOSO,
H. MESA and D. DELVASTO
Cenicaña y Malimbu Sugarcane Plantation
jrcruz@cenicana.org
Abstract
DRIP IRRIGATION was a system initially developed for desert areas where the sandy soils have
low water retention capacity and rainfall is limited.
In the Cauca River Valley, located in south-western Colombia, soils have a high
water retention capacity and frequent irrigation results in excess moisture and poor root
development, which affects crop development.
The frequent application of water in the sugarcane soils of the Cauca River Valley
results in excess soil water and little use of natural precipitation.
The current study was conducted at the Malimbú Sugarcane Plantation, located in the
driest area of the Cauca River Valley where annual precipitation is below 800 mm and soils
are loamy to clayey in texture.
The effect of irrigation frequency (daily, twice a week, weekly) was studied in dripirrigated plots. A gravity irrigation system was used as check.
In three consecutive cuts (plant crop and two ratoons), sugarcane production in dripirrigated plots was 160 t/ha with daily irrigation (483 mm water applied), 165 t/ha when
irrigated twice a week (356 mm water applied), and 166 t/ha when irrigated weekly (264 mm
water applied).
Gravity-irrigated cane produced 157 t/ha, with an average of 465 mm water applied.
Average precipitation during the three cuts reached 984 mm.
Results highlight the importance of taking advantage not only of the soil’s capacity to
store available water but also of actual precipitation, scheduling the weekly drip irrigation of
sugarcane fields in the Cauca River Valley without adversely affecting cane production.
KEYWORDS: Drip Irrigation, Irrigation Schedule,
Water Saving, Sugarcane Production, Colombia.
www.issct.org
Agricultural Engineering Proc. Int. Soc. Sugar Cane Technol., Vol. 27, 2010